使用C++从零开始,自己写一个MiniWeb

小海海不怕困难 2024-07-27 16:03:01 阅读 57

第一步:新建项目

1、打开VS点击创建新项目

2、选择空项目并点下一步(切记不能选错项目类型)

3、填写项目名称和路径,点击创建即可

 

新建好后项目是这样的比较干净 

4、右击源文件,点击添加,新建http.cpp文件

第二步:前期准备

在http.cpp最上面引入依赖,并撰写main方法,打印错误日志的方法

<code>#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<WinSock2.h>

#include<sys/types.h>

#include<sys/stat.h>

#pragma comment(lib,"WS2_32.lib")

#define PRINTF(str) printf("[%s - %d]"#str"%s",__func__,__LINE__,str);

//打印错误日志

void error_die(const char* str) {

perror(str);

exit(1);

}

int main(void) {

return 0;

}

第三步:网络初始化

初始化可以分为五步:1、网络通讯初始化===>>>2、创建套接字===>>>3、绑定端口===>>>4、绑定套接字===>>>5、创建监听队列

代码实现如下:

<code>int startup(unsigned short *port) {

//1、网络通讯初始化

WSADATA data;

int res = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1,1), &data);

if (res) {

error_die("init fail");

}

//2、创建套接字

int server_socket = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);

if (server_socket == -1) {

error_die("sock create fail");

}

//3、绑定端口

int opt = 1;

res = setsockopt(server_socket,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,(const char*) & opt, sizeof(opt));

if (res) {

error_die("port bing fail");

}

//4、绑定套接字

struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(server_addr));

server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

server_addr.sin_port = htons(*port);

server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

res = bind(server_socket,(struct sockaddr*) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));

if (res<0) {

error_die("sock bing fail");

}

//5、创建监听队列

int nameLen = sizeof(server_addr);

if (*port == 0) {

res = getsockname(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr,&nameLen);

if (res) {

error_die("dynamic sock create fail");

}

*port = server_addr.sin_port;

}

res = listen(server_socket, 5);

if (res < 0) {

error_die("listen queque create fail");

}

return server_socket;

};

main方法修改如下:

int main(void) {

//1、初始化

unsigned short port = 8000;

int server_sock = startup(&port);

printf("http have benn started ,listening [%d] port...",port);

return 0;

}

第四步:处理用户请求

1、报文背景知识

浏览器发起新的访问时,会向服务器端发送一个请求报文。例如,在浏览器地址输入 127.0.0.1:8000 回车后,服务器端收到的完整报文如下:

GET / HTTP/1.1\n

Host: 127.0.0.1:8000\n

Connection: keep-alive\n

Cache-Control: max-age=0\n

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\n

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36\n

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9\n

Sec-Fetch-Site: none\n

Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate\n

Sec-Fetch-User: ?1\n

Sec-Fetch-Dest: document\n

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\n

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\n

\n

请求报文由4四个部分组成:请求行、请求头部行、空行、请求数据。具体格式如下:

2、具体处理

具体处理代码如下:

<code>//从指定的客户端套接字读取一行数据,保持到buff中,返回实际读取到了字节数

int get_line(int sock, char* buff, int size) {

char c = 0;

int i = 0;

while (i < size - 1 && c != '\n') {

int n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);

if (n > 0) {

if (c == '\r') {

n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK);

if (n > 0 && c == '\n') {

recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);

}

else {

c = '\n';

}

}

buff[i++] = c;

}

else {

c = '\n';

}

}

buff[i] = 0;

return 0;

}

//向指定套接字,发送一个未支持提示还没有实现的错误页面

void unimplement(int client) {

char buf[1024];

sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Method Not Implemented\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "</TITLE></HEAD>\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

}

//向指定套接字,发送一个未支持提示还没有实现的错误页面

void not_found(int client) {

char buf[1024];

sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "<HTML><TITLE>Not Found</TITLE>\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>The server could not fulfill\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "your request because the resource specified\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");

send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

}

//发送响应的头信息

void headers(int client) {

char buff[1024];

strcpy(buff, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");

send(client, buff, strlen(buff), 0);

strcpy(buff, "Server:MyHttpd/0.1\r\n");

send(client, buff, strlen(buff), 0);

strcpy(buff, "Content-type:text/html\n");

send(client, buff, strlen(buff), 0);

strcpy(buff, "\r\n");

send(client, buff, strlen(buff), 0);

}

//发送文件

void cat(int client,FILE* resource) {

char buff[4096];

int count = 0;

while (1) {

int ret = fread(buff, sizeof(char), sizeof(buff), resource);

if (ret <= 0) {

break;

}

send(client, buff, ret, 0);

count += ret;

}

printf("total send [%d] to client\n",count);

}

void server_file(int client,const char* fileName) {

char numchars = 1;

char buff[1024];

while (numchars > 0 && strcmp(buff, "/n")) {

numchars = get_line(client, buff, sizeof(buff));

PRINTF(buff);

}

FILE* resource = fopen(fileName,"r");

if (resource==NULL) {

not_found(client);

}

else {

//发送头信息

headers(client);

//发送文件

cat(client, resource);

printf("file send success");

}

fclose(resource);

}

DWORD WINAPI accept_request(LPVOID arg) {

char buff[1024];

int client = (SOCKET)arg;

//1、获取第一行

int numchars = get_line(client, buff,sizeof(buff));

PRINTF(buff);

char method[255];

int j = 0 ,i =0;

while (!isspace(buff[j])&&i < sizeof(method)-1) {

method[i++] = buff[j++];

}

method[i] = 0;

PRINTF(method);

//2、检查请求方法是否支持

if (stricmp(method,"GET")&& stricmp(method, "POST")) {

//向浏览器返回错误提示页面

unimplement(client);

return 0;

}

//3、解析资源路径

char url[255];

i = 0;

while (isspace(buff[j]) && j < sizeof(buff)) {

j++;

}

while (!isspace(buff[j])&& sizeof(url)-1 && j < sizeof(buff)) {

url[i++] = buff[j++];

}

url[i] = 0;

PRINTF(url);

char path[512] = "";

sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url);

if (path[strlen(path)-1]=='/') {

strcat(path, "index.html");

}

PRINTF(path);

struct stat status ;

if (stat(path,&status)==-1) {

//把请求包里的东西读完

while (numchars>0&&strcmp(buff,"/n")) {

numchars = get_line(client, buff, sizeof(buff));

}

PRINTF(buff);

not_found(client);

}else {

if ((status.st_mode & S_IFMT)==S_IFDIR) {

strcat(path, "index.html");

}

server_file(client,path);

}

closesocket(client);

return 0;

}

github地址:

https://github.com/1756336885/miniWeb.git

gitee地址:

miniWeb: 迷你版的web,用C++撰写,后期会添加数据库,中间件相关的操作

参考文章:

2-创建项目_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

C语言手写HTTPD网站服务器_126775241csdn-CSDN博客



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