Unity C# 之 使用 HttpWebRequest 基础知识/HttpWebRequest 进行异步Post 网络访问/数据流形式获取数据(Task/async/await)的代码简单实现

CSDN 2024-09-11 12:33:01 阅读 84

Unity C# 之 使用 HttpWebRequest 基础知识/HttpWebRequest 进行异步Post 网络访问/数据流形式获取数据(Task/async/await)的代码简单实现

目录

Unity C# 之 使用 HttpWebRequest 基础知识/HttpWebRequest 进行异步Post 网络访问/数据流形式获取数据(Task/async/await)的代码简单实现

一、简单介绍

二、实现原理

三、注意事项

四、效果预览

五、关键代码

附录 : HttpWebRequest 的一些基础知识

1、HttpWebRequest 常用属性

2、HttpWebRequest  中的 ContentType

3、HttpWebRequest 一般使用示例

4、HttpWebRequest  json 文本 Post 请求示例

5、 HttpWebRequest   multipart/form-data 文件上传示例


一、简单介绍

Unity 在开发中,网络访问:

可以使用 UnityWebRequest 访问,不过好似只能用协程的方式,并且访问只能在主线程中;所以这里使用 C# 中的 HttpWebRequest,进行网络访问,而且 HttpWebRequest,允许在子线程中访问,在一些情况下可以大大减少主线程的网络访问压力; 

这里使用 HttpWebRequest ,进行 Post 访问,并且Task 结合 async (await) 的进行异步访问,最后使用 Stream 流式的形式获取数据,在这里做一个简单的记录,以便后期使用的时候参考。

二、实现原理

1、HttpWebRequest 创建 post 的请求

2、GetRequestStreamAsync 发起 异步请求

3、GetResponseAsync 和 GetResponseStream 异步获取响应数据流

4、因为使用到异步,所以 async Task<string> 返回异步获取的流数据

三、注意事项

1、获取更新的流数据打印是,注意 每次更新下 buffer ,不然输出打印的结果可能不是预期的

<code> // 循环获取流式数据

while ((bytesRead = await reader.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)

{

sb.Append(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

Console.WriteLine(buffer);

buffer = new char[1024];

}

四、效果预览

五、关键代码

<code>using System;

using System.Net;

using System.Text;

namespace TestHttpWebRequestPostStream

{

internal class Program

{

static string m_Authorization = "Your_Authorization";

static int TIMEOUT_TIME = 10000; // 超时时间

static async Task Main(string[] args)

{

string url = "Your_STREAM_URL";

string postData = "Your_POST_DATA";

string content = await PostRequestStreamToStringAsync(url, postData);

Console.WriteLine("Response content:");

Console.WriteLine(content);

}

static async Task<string> PostRequestStreamToStringAsync(string url, string postData)

{

try

{

HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;

request.ReadWriteTimeout = TIMEOUT_TIME;

request.Timeout = TIMEOUT_TIME;

request.Method = "POST";

request.ContentType = "application/json"; // 根据需要设定

request.Headers.Add("user-token", "xxxxxxxx"); // 根据需要设定

request.Headers.Add("xxxx-authorization", m_Authorization); // 根据需要设定

//流式发起请求

using (Stream requestStream = await request.GetRequestStreamAsync())

{

byte[] dataBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);

await requestStream.WriteAsync(dataBytes, 0, dataBytes.Length);

}

// 流式获取数据响应

using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)await request.GetResponseAsync())

using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())

using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(responseStream))

{

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

char[] buffer = new char[1024];

int bytesRead;

// 循环获取流式数据

while ((bytesRead = await reader.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)

{

sb.Append(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

Console.WriteLine(buffer);

buffer = new char[1024];

}

return sb.ToString();

}

}

catch (Exception e)

{

return e.Message;

}

}

}

}

附录 : HttpWebRequest 的一些基础知识

1、HttpWebRequest 常用属性

AllowAutoRedirect:获取或设置一个值,该值指示请求是否应跟随重定向响应。CookieContainer:获取或设置与此请求关联的cookie。Credentials:获取或设置请求的身份验证信息。KeepAlive:获取或设置一个值,该值指示是否与 Internet 资源建立持久性连接。MaximumAutomaticRedirections:获取或设置请求将跟随的重定向的最大数目。Proxy:获取或设置请求的代理信息。SendChunked:获取或设置一个值,该值指示是否将数据分段发送到 Internet 资源。Timeout:获取或设置请求的超时值。UserAgent:获取或设置 User-agent HTTP 标头的值ContentType:Http内容类型Headers:指定组成 HTTP 标头的名称/值对的集合。

 

2、HttpWebRequest  中的 ContentType

普通文本: “text/plain”JSON字符串: “application/json”数据流类型(文件流): “application/octet-stream”表单数据(键值对): “application/x-www-form-urlencoded”多分部数据: “multipart/form-data”

 

3、HttpWebRequest 一般使用示例

//创建HttpWeb请求

HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create (url);

//创建HttpWeb相应

HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse ();

Console.WriteLine ("Content length is {0}", response.ContentLength);

Console.WriteLine ("Content type is {0}", response.ContentType);

//获取response的流

Stream receiveStream = response.GetResponseStream ();

//使用streamReader读取流数据

StreamReader readStream = new StreamReader (receiveStream, Encoding.UTF8);

Console.WriteLine ("Response stream received.");

Console.WriteLine (readStream.ReadToEnd ());

response.Close ();

readStream.Close ();

4、HttpWebRequest  json 文本 Post 请求示例

使用application/json作为请求头,用来告诉服务端消息主体是序列化的JSON字符串。

/*

* url:POST请求地址

* postData:json格式的请求报文,例如:{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}

*/

public static string PostUrl(string url, string postData)

{

HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

req.Method = "POST";

req.TimeOut = "800";//设置请求超时时间,单位为毫秒

req.ContentType = "application/json";

byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);

req.ContentLength = data.Length;

using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())

{

reqStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);

reqStream.Close();

}

HttpWebResponse resp = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();

Stream stream = resp.GetResponseStream();

//获取响应内容

string result = "";

using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))

{

result = reader.ReadToEnd();

}

return result;

}

5、 HttpWebRequest   multipart/form-data 文件上传示例

使用multipart/form-data作为请求头,用来告诉服务器消息主体是 多发文件 格式

multipart/form-data格式使用一长串字符作为boundtry封装线对字段进行分割。这也很符合multipart多个部分的语义,包含了多个部分集,每一部分都包含了一个content-desposition头,其值为form-data,以及一个name属性,其值为表单的字段名,文件输入框还可以使用filename参数指定文件名。content-type非必须属性,其值会根据文件类型进行变化,默认值是text/plain。multipart的每一个part上方是边界线,最后一个part的下方添加一个边界线。

/// <summary>

/// 上传文件请求

/// </summary>

/// <param name="url">Url</param>code>

/// <param name="filePath">文件路径</param>code>

/// <param name="formDatas">表单数据(字典格式)</param>code>

/// <param name="callback">上传回调</param>code>

public static void UploadRequest(string url, string filePath, Dictionary<string,string> formDatas, Action<string> callback)

{

// 时间戳,用做boundary

string timeStamp = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");

//根据uri创建HttpWebRequest对象

HttpWebRequest httpReq = (HttpWebRequest) WebRequest.Create(new Uri(url));

httpReq.Method = "POST";

httpReq.AllowWriteStreamBuffering = false; //对发送的数据不使用缓存

httpReq.Timeout = 300000; //设置获得响应的超时时间(300秒)

httpReq.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + timeStamp;

//读取file文件

FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);

BinaryReader binaryReader = new BinaryReader(fileStream);

//表单信息

string boundary = "--" + timeStamp;code>

string form = "";

string formFormat = boundary + "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n";

string formEnd = boundary + "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\";\r\nContent-Type:application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n";

foreach (var pair in formDatas)

{

form += string.Format(formFormat, pair.Key, pair.Value);

}

form += string.Format(formEnd,"file", Path.GetFileName(filePath));

byte[] postHeaderBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(form);

//结束边界

byte[] boundaryBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" + timeStamp + "--\r\n");

long length = fileStream.Length + postHeaderBytes.Length + boundaryBytes.Length;

httpReq.ContentLength = length; //请求内容长度

try

{

//每次上传4k

int bufferLength = 4096;

byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferLength];

//已上传的字节数

long offset = 0;

int size = binaryReader.Read(buffer, 0, bufferLength);

Stream postStream = httpReq.GetRequestStream();

//发送请求头部消息

postStream.Write(postHeaderBytes, 0, postHeaderBytes.Length);

while (size > 0)

{

postStream.Write(buffer, 0, size);

offset += size;

size = binaryReader.Read(buffer, 0, bufferLength);

}

//添加尾部边界

postStream.Write(boundaryBytes, 0, boundaryBytes.Length);

postStream.Close();

//获取服务器端的响应

using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse) httpReq.GetResponse())

{

Stream receiveStream = response.GetResponseStream();

StreamReader readStream = new StreamReader(receiveStream, Encoding.UTF8);

string returnValue = readStream.ReadToEnd();

Debug.Log("upload result:"+returnValue);

callback?.Invoke(returnValue);

response.Close();

readStream.Close();

}

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

Debug.Log("文件传输异常: " + ex.Message);

}

finally

{

fileStream.Close();

binaryReader.Close();

}

}

Unity 上的简单的异步封装使用

1、HttpWebRequest 异步 Post 获取数据

using System;

using System.IO;

using System.Net;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using UnityEngine;

public class GptNormalWrapper : Singleton<GptNormalWrapper>, IGptHttpWebRequestWrapper

{

const string GPT_URL = "Your_URL";

const string AUTHORIZATION = "Your_AUTHORIZATION";

const string USER_TOKEN = "123456";

const int TIMEOUT_TIME = 10000; // 超时时间

public string GptUrl => GPT_URL;

public async Task<string> PostRequestToStringAsync(string postData) {

return await PostRequestToStringAsync(GptUrl, postData);

}

public async Task<string> PostRequestToStringAsync(string url, string postData)

{

try

{

HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;

request.ReadWriteTimeout = TIMEOUT_TIME;

request.Timeout = TIMEOUT_TIME;

request.Method = "POST";

request.ContentType = "application/json";

request.Headers.Add("user-token", USER_TOKEN);

request.Headers.Add("xxx-authorization", AUTHORIZATION);

Debug.Log("[GptNormalWrapper] PostRequestToStringAsync msg = " + postData);

byte[] jsonBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);

request.ContentLength = jsonBytes.Length;

Stream strStream = request.GetRequestStream();

strStream.Write(jsonBytes, 0, jsonBytes.Length);

strStream.Close();

HttpWebResponse respone = (HttpWebResponse)await request.GetResponseAsync();

Stream ns = respone.GetResponseStream();

string responseContent = new StreamReader(ns, Encoding.UTF8).ReadToEnd();

Debug.Log("[GptNormalWrapper] PostRequestToStringAsync 消息返回:" + responseContent);

MessageBack textback = JsonUtility.FromJson<MessageBack>(responseContent);

Debug.Log($"[GptNormalWrapper] PostRequestToStringAsync answer content {textback.data.choices[0].message.content} ");

return new(textback.data.choices[0].message.content);

}

catch (Exception e)

{

Debug.LogError("[GptNormalWrapper] PostRequestToStringAsync error:" + e);

}

return new(GptChatCommonStringDefine.GPT_REQUEST_SERVER_FAILED);

}

}

2、HttpWebRequest 异步 Post 流式的获取数据

using System.Net;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Text;

using System.IO;

using UnityEngine;

using System;

public class GptStreamWrapper : Singleton<GptStreamWrapper>, IGptHttpWebRequestWrapper

{

const string GPT_URL = "Your_URL";

const string AUTHORIZATION = "Your_AUTHORIZATION";

const string USER_TOKEN = "123456";

const int TIMEOUT_TIME = 10000; // 超时时间

public string GptUrl { get; } = GPT_URL;

public async Task<string> PostRequestToStringAsync(string postData) {

return await PostRequestToStringAsync(GptUrl, postData);

}

public async Task<string> PostRequestToStringAsync(string url, string postData)

{

try

{

HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;

request.ReadWriteTimeout = TIMEOUT_TIME;

request.Timeout = TIMEOUT_TIME;

request.Method = "POST";

request.ContentType = "application/json";

request.Headers.Add("user-token", USER_TOKEN);

request.Headers.Add("xxx-authorization", AUTHORIZATION);

//流式发起请求

using (Stream requestStream = await request.GetRequestStreamAsync())

{

Debug.Log("[GptStreamWrapper] PostRequestStreamToStringAsync postData : " + postData);

byte[] dataBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);

await requestStream.WriteAsync(dataBytes, 0, dataBytes.Length);

}

// 流式获取数据响应

using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)await request.GetResponseAsync())

using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())

using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(responseStream))

{

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

char[] buffer = new char[1024];

int bytesRead;

// 循环获取流式数据

while ((bytesRead = await reader.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)

{

sb.Append(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

Debug.Log("[GptStreamWrapper] PostRequestStreamToStringAsync getting steam data : " + buffer);

buffer = new char[1024];

}

Debug.Log("[GptStreamWrapper] PostRequestStreamToStringAsync whole stream data : " + sb.ToString());

return sb.ToString();

}

}

catch (Exception e)

{

Debug.Log("[GptStreamWrapper] PostRequestStreamToStringAsync Exception Message data : " + e.Message);

return new(GptChatCommonStringDefine.GPT_REQUEST_SERVER_FAILED);

}

}

}



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