更新包

sudo apt update

安装依赖包

sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

添加阿里云Docker镜像源GPG秘钥

curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

添加阿里云镜像源

echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

更新apt

sudo apt update

安装Docker

sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

启动Docker服务

sudo systemctl start docker

查看Docker是否启动成功

systemctl status docker

出现类似的提示表示启动成功

● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine

Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-02-21 09:13:16 CST; 54s ago

TriggeredBy: ● docker.socket

Docs: https://docs.docker.com

Main PID: 3700958 (dockerd)

Tasks: 8

Memory: 30.8M

CPU: 362ms

CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service

└─3700958 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

如果在执行Docker指令时，出现docker: permission denied while trying to connect to the...的错误提示，表示权限不足，需要执行切换root用户指令

su root

如果不想用root执行Docker指令，则需要将用户添加到docker的用户组中

sudo groupadd docker #添加用户组

sudo gpasswd -a username docker #将当前用户添加至用户组

newgrp docker #更新用户组