Python工程数学2程序开胃菜(上)

pythontesting 2024-10-01 09:39:00 阅读 86

2 数学程序开胃菜

在上一章中( https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/kKenXcEXIeLd_u_2kymF8A ),我们介绍了python的IDE;用numpy实现向量计算;用Matplotlib绘图;用sympy实现微积分和求导;用SciPy实现积分;用VPython实现弹跳球动画。

在本章中,您将了解 Python 命令式编程风格的线性程序结构以及分支和重复结构。面向对象编程和函数式编程的示例描述了使用 Python 编程的更多方法。

使用计算机解决的问题可以通过编程语言以多种方式建模和结构化。在应用计算机科学领域,命令式(过程式)编程、面向对象编程 (OOP) 和函数式编程风格已经确立。Python 支持所有这三种编程风格。

问题的解决方案也与逻辑条件相关联: 预期情况是否适用?此外,根据问题的不同,必须重复执行相同的任务,例如计算数学函数的值表。与其他过程式编程语言一样,Python 支持线性程序结构以及分支和重复结构。

2.1 线性程序结构

2.1.1 线性程序

    <li>实例:计算电流

<code>U=230

R=11.8

I=U/R

b="The current is:"code>

print(b, I, " A")

执行:

The current is: 19.491525423728813 A

python的整数是没有大小限制的,浮点数的限制如下:

>>> import sys

>>> print(sys.float_info)

sys.float_info(max=1.7976931348623157e+308, max_exp=1024, max_10_exp=308, min=2.2250738585072014e-308, min_exp=-1021, min_10_exp=-307, dig=15, mant_dig=53, epsilon=2.220446049250313e-16, radix=2, rounds=1)

    <li>实例:计算串联电路的功率

#02_linear2.py

U = 230

R1, R2, R3=0.12, 0.52, 228

Rg = R1 + R2 + R3

I= U/Rg

P1 = R1 * I**2

P2 = R2 * I**2

P3 = R3 * I**2

print("Current I={0:6.3f} A " .format(I))

print("P1={0:3.2f} W, P2={1:3.2f} W, P3={2:3.2f} W".format(P1,P2,P3))

执行:

Current I= 1.006 A

P1=0.12 W, P2=0.53 W, P3=230.72 W

  • 实例:通过使用内置输入函数获取数值:

#02_linear2.py

U = 230

R1, R2, R3=0.12, 0.52, 228

Rg = R1 + R2 + R3

I= U/Rg

P1 = R1 * I**2

P2 = R2 * I**2

P3 = R3 * I**2

print("Current I={0:6.3f} A " .format(I))

print("P1={0:3.2f} W, P2={1:3.2f} W, P3={2:3.2f} W".format(P1,P2,P3))

执行:

---Input---

Voltage: 220

Resistance: 34

---Output---

Current 6.47 A

Power 1423.53 W

---Input---

Voltage:

参考资料

  • 软件测试精品书籍文档下载持续更新 https://github.com/china-testing/python-testing-examples 请点赞,谢谢!
  • 本文涉及的python测试开发库 谢谢点赞! https://github.com/china-testing/python_cn_resouce
  • python精品书籍下载 https://github.com/china-testing/python_cn_resouce/blob/main/python_good_books.md
  • Linux精品书籍下载 https://www.cnblogs.com/testing-/p/17438558.html

2.2 函数

  • 实例:使用函数来计算电流、电功率、电功和电能成本:

#04_function1.py

U, R = 230, 460

t = 8

price = 0.3

def current():

I = U / R

print("Current: ", I, " A")

def power():

P = U**2 / R

print("Power : ", P, " W")

def work():

P = U**2 /R

W = P * t

print("Work: ", W, " Wh")

def cost():

I = U / R

W = U * I * t

c = W * price / 1000.0

print("Cost: ", c, " Euro")

current()

power()

work()

cost()

执行:

Current: 0.5 A

Power : 115.0 W

Work: 920.0 Wh

Cost: 0.276 Euro

argument是调用函数时传递的值。该值被分配给函数中的指定参数。parameter是函数中使用的名称。

  • 实例:带返回值的函数

#05_function2.py

def current(U, R):

return U / R

def power(U, R):

return U**2/R

def work(U, R, t):

P = U**2 / R

W = P*t

return W

def cost(U, R, t, price):

I = U / R

W = U * I * t

c =W * price / 1000.0

return c

Uq = 230 #V

RLoad = 23 #ohms

tn = 8 #h, hours

price_actual = 0.3 #euro

print("Current: ", current(Uq, RLoad), " A")

print("Power : ", power(Uq, RLoad), " W")

print("Work : ", work(Uq, RLoad,tn), " Wh")

print("Cost : ", cost(Uq, RLoad,tn,price_actual), " euros")

执行:

<code>Current: 10.0 A

Power : 2300.0 W

Work : 18400.0 Wh

Cost : 5.52 euros

    <li>实例:带有多个返回值的函数:计算出体积、质量、惯性矩和加速力矩

与其他编程语言不同,Python 也允许返回多个值。我们来看一个直径为 1 分米、长度为 10 分米的实心钢圆柱体的例子。只需一个函数,就可以计算出体积、质量、惯性矩和加速力矩。所有四个值都应通过返回语句返回。

加速力矩 Mb 与角加速度 α 和惯性矩 J 成比例增加:

圆柱体的惯性矩 J 与质量m成正比,与半径 r 的平方成正比:

质量m由圆柱体的体积 V 和密度计算得出:

要计算体积 V,需要圆柱体的直径 d 和长度 l:

要完成这项任务,必须在 Python 开发环境的文本编辑器中按照语法规则以相反的顺序输入公式。

<code>#06_function3.py

rho = 7.85 #kg/dm^3, density for steel

alpha = 1.2 #1/s^2, angular acceleration

g = 3 #accuracy

def cylinder(d,l):

V=round(0.785*d**2*l,g)

m=round(rho*V,g)

J=round(0.5*m*(d/2/10)**2,g)

Mb=round(alpha*J,g)

return (V,m,J,Mb)

#return V,m,J,Mb

#return [V,m,J,Mb]

d1=1 #dm

l1=10 #dm

T=cylinder(d1, l1)

print("Cylinder data: ", T)

print("Volume: ", T[0]," dm^3")

print("Mass: ", T[1]," kg")

print("Moment of inertia: ", T[2]," kgm^2")

print("Acceleration torque:", T[3]," Nm")

执行:

Cylinder data: (7.85, 61.622, 0.077, 0.092)

Volume: 7.85 dm^3

Mass: 61.622 kg

Moment of inertia: 0.077 kgm^2

Acceleration torque: 0.092 Nm

  • 实例:函数嵌套调用:

#07_function4.py

rho=7.85 #kg/dm^3, density of steel

def volume(d,l):

return 0.785*d**2*l

def mass(d,l):

return rho*volume(d,l)

def moment_of_inertia(d,l):

return 0.5*mass(d,l)*(d/2/10)**2

def acceleration_torque(d,l,alpha):

return alpha*moment_of_inertia(d,l)

d1=1 #dm

l1=10 #dm

alpha1=1.2 #1/s^2, angular acceleration

V=volume(d1,l1)

m=mass(d1,l1)

J=moment_of_inertia(d1,l1)

Mb=acceleration_torque(d1,l1,alpha1)

print("Volume: ", V, " dm^3")

print("Mass: ", m, " kg")

print("moment of inertia: ", J, " kgm^2")

print("Acceleration torque: ", Mb, " Nm")

执行:

Volume: 7.8500000000000005 dm^3

Mass: 61.6225 kg

moment of inertia: 0.07702812500000002 kgm^2

Acceleration torque: 0.09243375000000002 Nm

2.3 分支结构

    <li>实例:解一元二次方程

根下的表达式也可以取负值。当出现这种情况时,方程将无法在实数空间内求解。因此,程序必须通过检查 D 是否≥ 0 来捕捉这种情况。对于要解决的问题,可以创建如图 2.3 所示的结构图。

<code>#08_branch1.py

import math as m

p=-8.

q=7.

D=(p/2)**2 - q

if D >= 0:

x1 = -p/2 + m.sqrt(D)

x2 = -p/2 - m.sqrt(D)

print("x1 =",x1,"\nx2 =",x2)

print("p =",-(x1+x2),"\nq =",x1*x2)

else:

print("The equation cannot be solved!")

执行:

x1 = 7.0

x2 = 1.0

p = -8.0

q = 7.0

    <li>实例:多重选择

<code>#09_multiple_selection1.py

color=["black", "brown", "red", "orange", "yellow",

"\ngreen","blue","purple","gray","white"]

code="yellow" #inputcode>

if code==color[0]:

print("The color black is coded as 0.")

elif code==color[1]:

print("The color brown is coded as 1.")

elif code==color[2]:

print("The color red is coded as 2.")

elif code==color[3]:

print("The color orange is coded as 3.")

elif code==color[4]:

print("The color yellow is coded as 4.")

elif code==color[5]:

print("The color green is coded as 5.")

elif code==color[6]:

print("The color blue is coded as 6.")

elif code==color[7]:

print("The color purple is coded as 7.")

elif code==color[8]:

print("The color gray is coded as 8.")

elif code==color[9]:

print("The color white is coded as 9.")

执行:

The color yellow is coded as 4.

  • 实例:电费费率

#10_multiple_selection2.py

rate1,rate2,rate3=0.3,0.25,0.2 #euros

consumption=5500 #kWh

if 0 < consumption<= 5000:

print("Amount for rate1:",consumption*rate1, "euros")

elif 5000 < consumption <= 10000:

print("Amount for rate2:",consumption*rate2, "euros")

elif 10000 < consumption <= 30000:

print("Amount for rate3:",consumption*rate3, "euros")

else:

print("industry_rate!")

执行:

```python

Amount for rate2: 1375.0 euros


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