Django web开发(一) - 前端

ShangCode 2024-06-12 12:33:04 阅读 95

文章目录

前端开发1.快速开发网站2.标签2.1 编码2.2 title2.3 标题2.4 div和span2.5 超链接2.6 图片小结标签的嵌套2.7 列表2.8 表格2.9 input系列2.10 下拉框2.11 多行文本用户注册案例: 用户注册GET 方式POST 方式表单数据提交优化 3.CSS样式3.1 快速上手3.2 CSS应用方式1. 在标签上2. 在 head 标签的 style 上3. 写到文件中 3.3 选择器1. ID选择器2. 类选择器3. 标签选择器4. 属性选择器5. 后代选择器关于样式的覆盖问题 3.4 样式1. 高度和宽度2. 块级和行内标签3. 字体和对齐方式4. 浮动5. 内边距6. 外边距7. hover8. after9. position9.1 fixed9.2 relative和absolute 10. border11. 背景色 4.案例: 小米商城4.1 小米顶部4.2 二级菜单4.3 推荐区域 5. Bootstrap5.1 初识Bootstrap5.2 栅格系统5.3 container5.4 面板5.5 媒体对象5.6 分页案例: 登录案例: 后台管理5.7 图标优化5.8 Bootstrap实现动态效果 6. Javascript6.1 代码位置6.2 注释6.3 变量6.3.1 字符串类型案例: 跑马灯6.3.2 数组案例: 动态数据6.3.3 对象(字典)案例: 动态表格 6.4 条件语句6.5 函数6.6 DOM事件的绑定 7. JQuery7.1 快速上手7.2 寻找标签(直接)7.2.1 ID选择器7.2.2 样式选择器7.2.3 标签选择器7.2.4 层级选择器7.2.5 多选择器7.2.6 属性选择器 7.3 寻找标签(间接)7.3.1 找到上一个兄弟7.3.2 找父子案例: 菜单的切换7.4 值的操作案例: 动态创建数据7.5 事件案例: 表格操作 8. 前端整合案例: 添加数据页面

前端开发

说明:

本人的实验环境在云服务器(CentOS7操作系统)上,在VSCode软件上SSH远程连接云服务器进行代码编写因为文章所有内容和代码是纯手敲的缘故,所以演示的代码可能跟 武沛齐(据说是小猪佩奇的远房表哥)老师视频中的有所不同,但原理相同

目的: 开发一个平台- 前端开发: HTML CSS JavaScript- 接收请求并处理- Mysql数据库: 存储数据快速上手: 基于Flask Web框架快速搭建一个网站深入学习:基于Django框架

1.快速开发网站

python 安装 Flask web 框架

pip install flask

创建Flask的python目录

[root@hecs-33592 ~]# mkdir -p /root/python/FlaskWeb[root@hecs-33592 ~]# cd /root/python/FlaskWeb[root@hecs-33592 FlaskWeb]# pwd/root/python/FlaskWeb

创建一个名为web.py的python文件

from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__)# 创建了网址 /show/info 和函数index 的对应关系# 以后用户在浏览器上访问 /show/info, 网站自动执行@app.route("/show/info")def index(): return "中国联通"if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5100, debug=False)

运行

[root@hecs-33592 ~]# /usr/bin/python3 /root/python/FlaskWeb/web.py

run_flask_web

浏览器进行访问: http://[你的ip]:5100/show/info

web1

这种 return 方式返回 HTML 内容的方式不方便进行管理,因此我们会引入templates模板

from flask import Flask, render_templateapp = Flask(__name__)# 创建了网址 /show/info 和函数index 的对应关系# 以后用户在浏览器上访问 /show/info, 网站自动执行@app.route("/show/info")def index(): # 默认去当前目录的 templates 文件夹中找 return render_template("index.html")if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5100, debug=False)

创建templates目录

mkdir /root/python/FlaskWeb/templates/

编写index.html文件

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重新运行Flask,浏览器刷新访问

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当然这个templates目录也可以自定义名称

# 例如目录名称为"xxx"app = Flask(__name__, template_folder="xxx")

2.标签

2.1 编码

<meta charset="UTF-8">

2.2 title

<head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title></head>

2.3 标题

<body> <h1>一级标题</h1> <h2>二级标题</h1> <h3>三级标题</h1> <h4>四级标题</h1> <h5>五级标题</h1></body>

2.4 div和span

<div>内容</div><span>asd</span> div: 占一整行(块级标签)span: 用多少占多少(行内标签/内联标签) 两个 span 标签不在同一行,页面显示时会在同一行,中间以一个空格分隔两个 span 标签在同一行,页面显示时会在同一行,中间没有空格,连着

2.5 超链接

这里就很有意思了,你可以选择跳转自己网站的地址,或者跳转外部的网站

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>我的联通</title></head><body> <a href="/get/news">点击跳转自己的网站</a></br> <a href="http://www.baidu.com">点击跳转别人的网站百度</a></body></html>

然后需要修改web.py文件

from flask import Flask, render_templateapp = Flask(__name__)# 创建了网址 /show/info 和函数index 的对应关系# 以后用户在浏览器上访问 /show/info, 网站自动执行@app.route("/show/info")def index(): # 默认去当前目录的 templates 文件夹中找 return render_template("index.html")# 新添加如下配置@app.route("/get/news")def get_news(): # 默认去当前目录的 templates 文件夹中找 return render_template("get_news.html")if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5100, debug=False)

在templates目录下新添加一个 get_news.html 文件

重新运行Flask,刷新页面

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点击第一行后,跳转到如下页面

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点击点击第二行后,跳转到百度

自行脑补百度页面哈

在新的 Tab 标签页打开链接

添加 target=“_blank”

<body> <a href="https://www.mi.com/shop/buy/detail?product_id=16642" target="_blank"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/nr-pub/202210262033_ef39fca0e37395d07682124770fd3ad9.png" style="width: 150px;"/> </a></body>

2.6 图片

<body> <h1>我是内部链接</h1> <img src="https://t7.baidu.com/it/u=848096684,3883475370&fm=193&f=GIF"/></body>

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刷新浏览器

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尝试访问服务器本地图片

在/root/python/FlaskWeb/下新建目录static

放入一张图片dog.jpg

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修改get_news.html

<body> <h1>我是内部链接</h1> <img src="/static/dog.jpg"/></body>

刷新浏览器

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跟刚才一样

然后可以调整一下图片的高度与宽度

<body> <h1>我是内部链接</h1> <img style="height: 100px; width: 200px;" src="/static/dog.jpg"/></body>

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小结

- 块级标签- <h1></h1>- <div></div>- 行内标签- <span></span>- <a></a>- <img />

标签的嵌套

实现: 点击图片,跳转至指定页面

修改web.py,增加get_product

from flask import Flask, render_templateapp = Flask(__name__)# 创建了网址 /show/info 和函数index 的对应关系# 以后用户在浏览器上访问 /show/info, 网站自动执行@app.route("/show/info")def index(): # 默认去当前目录的 templates 文件夹中找 return render_template("index.html")@app.route("/get/news")def get_news(): return render_template("get_news.html")@app.route("/get/product")def get_product(): return render_template("get_product.html")if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5100, debug=False)

在templates下新增一个get_product.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <a href="https://www.mi.com/shop/buy/detail?product_id=16642"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/nr-pub/202210262033_ef39fca0e37395d07682124770fd3ad9.png" style="width: 150px;"/> </a></body></html>

访问页面

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点击图片进行url跳转

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2.7 列表

无序列表

<ul><li>中国移动</li><li>中国联通</li><li>中国电信</li></ul>

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有序列表

<ol><li>中国移动</li><li>中国联通</li><li>中国电信</li></ol>

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2.8 表格

修改web.py新增一个访问路径

@app.route("/get/table")def get_table(): return render_template("get_table.html")

在templates页面下新建get_table.html文件

重新运行并访问页面

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为表格增加边框

<table border="1">

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2.9 input系列

<input type="text" /><input type="password" /><input type="file" /><input type="radio" name="n1" />男<input type="radio" name="n1" />女<input type="checkbox" />唱<input type="checkbox" />跳<input type="checkbox" />Rap<input type="checkbox" />篮球<input type="button" value="提交"/>普通按钮<input type="submit" value="提交"/>提交表单

2.10 下拉框

<select><option>北京</option><option>上海</option><option>深圳</option></select>

2.11 多行文本

<textarea></textarea>

用户注册

修改web.py

@app.route("/register")def register(): return render_template("register.html")

在templates下新建register.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <h1>用户注册</h1> <div> 用户名: <input type="text" /> </div> <div> 密码: <input type="password" /> </div> <div> 性别: <input type="radio" name="sex"/>男 <input type="radio" name="sex"/>女 </div> <div> 爱好: <input type="checkbox">唱 <input type="checkbox">跳 <input type="checkbox">Rap <input type="checkbox">篮球 </div> <div> 城市: <select> <option>北京</option> <option>上海</option> <option>深圳</option> </select> </div> <div> 备注: <textarea cols="30" rows="10"></textarea> </div> <div> <input type="button" value="button提交"> <input type="submit" value="submit提交"> </div></body></html>

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顺便说一下 GET 方法与 POST 方法的区别

GET: 可通过URL/表单提交

POST: 只能通过表单提交,提交数据不在URL而是在请求体中

案例: 用户注册

新建项目

在/root/python下新建目录:

accounttemplate

在account下新建app.py文件

from flask import Flask, render_templateapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/register')def register(): return render_template('register.html')if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5200, debug=False)

在templates下新建register.html文件

运行,浏览器进行访问

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表单可以提交的前提条件:

提交方式: method=“get”提交地址: action=“/xxx/xxx/xxx”在form标签里面必须有一个submit标签每个标签有name属性

接下来尝试接收用户提交的表单数据

GET 方式

修改app.py,导入request方法,使用/do/register接收用户数据并展示

from flask import Flask, render_template, requestapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/register', methods=['GET'])def register(): return render_template('register.html')@app.route("/do/register", methods=['GET'])def do_register(): get_info = request.args return get_infoif __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5200, debug=True)

修改templates下的register.html

点击注册后跳转至路由/do/register

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <h1>用户注册</h1> <form action="/do/register" method="get"> <div> 用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> </div> <div> 密码: <input type="password" name="passwd"> </div> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form></body></html>

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POST 方式

修改app.py

@app.route("/post/register", methods=['POST'])def post_register(): get_info = request.form return get_info

修改register.html

<form action="/post/register" method="post">

<body> <h1>用户注册</h1> <form action="/post/register" method="post"> <div> 用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> </div> <div> 密码: <input type="password" name="passwd"> </div> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form></body>

浏览器访问

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可以发现,跟上面的GET方法不同的是, 提交后跳转的页面的URL后并没有我们提交的参数,而是提交到了后台

表单数据提交优化

修改register.html

添加 name 与 value 属性

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在控制台输出数据

修改app.py

@app.route("/post/register", methods=['POST'])def post_register(): get_info = request.form username = request.form.get("username") passwd = request.form.get("passwd") sex = request.form.get("sex") hobby_list = request.form.getlist("hobby") city = request.form.get("city") more = request.form.getlist("textarea") print(username, passwd, sex, hobby_list, city, more) return get_info

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整合GET与POST方法

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将上面图片中的内容整合

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@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])def register(): if request.method == "GET": return render_template('register.html') else: username = request.form.get("username") passwd = request.form.get("passwd") sex = request.form.get("sex") hobby_list = request.form.getlist("hobby") city = request.form.get("city") more = request.form.getlist("textarea") print(username, passwd, sex, hobby_list, city, more) get_info = request.args return get_info

3.CSS样式

3.1 快速上手

<img src="..." stype="height: 100px">

3.2 CSS应用方式

1. 在标签上

<img src="..." stype="height: 100px">

2. 在 head 标签的 style 上

...<head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .c1 { color: red; } </style></head><body> <h1 class="c1">用户注册</h1> ...

3. 写到文件中

common.css

.c1 {color: red;}

调用common.css

...<head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="common.css" /></head><body> <h1 class="c1">用户注册</h1> ...

3.3 选择器

1. ID选择器

#c1 {color: red;}<div id='c1'></div>

2. 类选择器

.c1 {color: red;}<div class='c1'></div>

3. 标签选择器

div{color: red;}<div>xxx</div>

4. 属性选择器

下面的例子中,所有的text类型的input都会生效

<head> <title>Document</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css"> <style> input[type="text"]{ border: 1px solid red; } </style></head>

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还有另一种方式,看下面的例子

<style> .v1[xx="456"]{ color: gold; }</style>...<body>... <div class="v1" xx="123">a</div> <div class="v1" xx="456">b</div> <div class="v1" xx="789">c</div>...</body>

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5. 后代选择器

这个选择器很有意思,你可以指定标签让它下面对应的标签全部生效,也可以指定标签让他下面的n级标签生效,具体看例子

<style> .zz h2{ color:chartreuse; }</style></head><body> <div class="zz" > <div> <h2>我是div里面的h2</h2> </div> <h2>我是div外面的h2</h2>...

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如果只想让第一层的h1生效,可以添加>号

<style> .zz > h2{ color:chartreuse; }</style>

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关于样式的覆盖问题

当一个标签引用了多个 css 样式时,可能会遇到样式属性重复的问题

<style> .c2 { color: darkgoldenrod; } .c3 { color:hotpink; }</style><body> <div class="c2 c3">我是天才</div></body>

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观察到,c3生效,而c2没有生效,这是因为c3在c2的下面,会将上面的c2属性覆盖掉

如果不想让上面的被覆盖掉怎么办呢?

可以在对应的属性后面添加!important

<style> .c2 { color: darkgoldenrod !important; } .c3 { color:hotpink; }</style>

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3.4 样式

1. 高度和宽度

.c4 { height: 300px; width: 500px; }

注意事项:

支持百分比行内标签: 默认无效块级标签: 默认有效(右边的剩余空白区域也会被占用)

2. 块级和行内标签

display:inline-block 使行内标签对 height 和 width 生效

<style>.c4 { display: inline-block; height: 300px; width: 500px; border: 1px solid red; }</style>...<body><span class="c4">联通</span></body>

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块级与行内标签的转换

<div style="display: inline;">移动</div> <span style="display: block;">联通</span>

注意:

块级标签 + 块级&行内标签

3. 字体和对齐方式

设置字体颜色/大小/粗细/字体样式

<head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .c1 { color: #00FF7F; /* 字体颜色 */ font-size: 20px; /* 字体大小 */ font-weight: 600; /* 字体粗细 */ font-family: Microsoft Yahei; /* 字体样式 */ text-align: center; /* 水平方向居中 */ line-height: 50px; /* 垂直方向居中 */ border: 1px solid red; /* 边框 */ } </style></head>

4. 浮动

如果在块级标签中，加入了float属性，那么这个块级标签奖不会再占用一整行，而是自己有多大就占用多大

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .item { float: left; width: 280px; height: 170px; border: 1px solid red; } </style></head><body> <div> <div class="item"></div> <div class="item"></div> <div class="item"></div> </div></body></html>

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如果你让标签浮动起来之后，就会脱离文档流。

例如下面的例子中，我们给div的父标签赋予了一个蓝色的背景，但是你不会看到蓝色背景。因为他被浮动的div字标签挡住了。

<body> <div style="background-color: blue;"> <div class="item"></div> <div class="item"></div> <div class="item"></div> </div></body>

解决办法: 在同级子标签的最下面添加 style="clear: both;"

<body> <div style="background-color: blue;"> <div class="item"></div> <div class="item"></div> <div class="item"></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div></body>

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5. 内边距

padding-top | padding-left | padding-right | padding-botton

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .outer { border: 1px solid red; height: 200px; width: 200px; padding-top: 20px; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; } </style></head><body> <div class="outer"> <div>hello</div> <div>world</div> </div></body></html>

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其实上面的四个上下左右的padding可以简写为padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px,顺序为上右下左(顺时针方向)

6. 外边距

margin

<body> <div style="height: 200px; background-color: aquamarine;"></div> <div style="height: 200px; background-color:blueviolet; margin-top: 20px;"></div></body>

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7. hover

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .c1 { color:brown; } .c1:hover { color: green; font-size: 20px; } .c2 { width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 3px solid red; } .c2:hover { border: 3px solid green; } .download { display: none; } .app:hover .download { display: block; } </style></head><body> <div class="c1">字体碰到鼠标变成绿色</div> <div class="c2">边框碰到鼠标变成绿色</div> <div class="app"> <div>鼠标放我这里触发显示二维码</div> <div class="download"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/78c30d4f259ed43ab20e810a522a6249.png" alt=""> </div> </div></body></html>

8. after

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .c1:after { content: "大帅比" } </style></head><body> <div class="c1">张三</div></body></html>

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after一般像下面这样用,不用每次都写stype="clear: both;"

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } .item { float: left; } </style></head><body> <div class="clearfix"> <div class="item">1</div> <div class="item">2</div> <div class="item">3</div> </div></body></html>

9. position

fixedrelativeabsolute

9.1 fixed

返回顶部

.back { position: fixed; width: 60px; height: 60px; border: 1px solid red; right: 50px; bottom: 50px; }

对话框

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> body { margin: 0; } .dialog { position: fixed; height: 300px; width: 500px; background-color: white; left: 0; right: 0; margin: 0 auto; top: 200px; z-index: 1000; /* 防止对话框被mask遮住 */ } .mask { background-color: black; position: fixed; left: 0; right: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0; opacity: 0.7; z-index: 999; /* 防止对话框被mask遮住 */ } </style></head><body> <div style="height: 1000px;"></div>    <div class="dialog"></div> <div class="mask"></div></body></html>

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9.2 relative和absolute

在小米商城案例的基础上进行测试

... .app{ position: relative; } .app .download { position: absolute; display: none; height: 100px; width: 100px; } .app:hover .download { display: block; } </style></head><body> <div class="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="menu"> <a href="https://www.mi.com">小米商城</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">MIUI</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">云平台</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">有品</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">小爱开放平台</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com" class="app">app下载 <div class="download"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/78c30d4f259ed43ab20e810a522a6249.png" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <div class="account"> <a href="https://www.mi.com">登录</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">注册</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">消息通知</a> </div>' <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div>...

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10. border

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .left { float: left; } .c1 { height: 200px; width: 300px; border: 3px dotted red; margin: 50px; } .c2 { height: 200px; width: 300px; border: 3px solid red; border-left: 3px solid green; margin: 50px; } .c3 { height: 200px; width: 300px; margin: 50px; background-color: bisque; border-left: 2px solid transparent; /* 透明色 */ } .c3:hover { border-left: 2px solid rgb(35, 211, 19); } </style></head><body> <div class="c1 left">我是虚线~</div> <div class="c2 left">我是实线~左边框是绿色,上下右边框是红色</div> <div class="c3 left">我是透明色,鼠标碰到我边框会变色哦~</div> <div style="clear: both;"></div></body></html>

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11. 背景色

background-color: bisque;

无需多言☺

注意: 以上不是所有的CSS样式,这些是最常用的标签

4.案例: 小米商城

4.1 小米顶部

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4.2 二级菜单

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>小米商城</title> <style> /* 去掉body的边距 */ body { margin: 0; } .header { background-color: #333; } /* 让中间内容居中 */ .container { width: 1226px; margin: 0 auto; /* 上下为0, 左右为auto */ } /* header class 下的标签 a 自动应用这个样式 */ .header a { color: #b0b0b0; line-height: 40px; display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; } .header .menu { float: left; color: white; } .header a { text-decoration: none; } .header a:hover { color: white; } .header .account { float: right; color: white; } .sub-header { height: 100px; } .sub-header .hw { width: 234px; height: 100px; } .sub-header .logo { float: left; } /* a标签是行内标签,默认不支持设置高度与边距因此设置padding是不起作用的,因此可以加上 inline-block */ .sub-header .logo a { padding-top: 22px; padding-bottom: 22px; display: inline-block; } /* 设置logo的图片像素大小 */ .sub-header .logo img { height: 56px; width: 56px; } .sub-header .menu { width: 400px; float:left; line-height: 100px; /* 与行高度保持一致 */ } .sub-header .menu a { text-decoration: none; /* 去掉 a 标签的下划线 */ color: #333; font-size: 16px; padding: 0 10px; /* 设置字体的左右外边距 */ display: inline-block; } /* 鼠标放到字体时,使字体变红 */ .sub-header .menu a:hover { color: #ff6700; } .sub-header .search { float: right; } </style></head><body> <div class="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="menu"> <a href="https://www.mi.com">小米商城</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">MIUI</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">云平台</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">有品</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">小爱开放平台</a> </div> <div class="account"> <a href="https://www.mi.com">登录</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">注册</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">消息通知</a> </div>' <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="hw logo"> <a href="https://www.mi.com"> <img src="https://s02.mifile.cn/assets/static/image/logo-mi2.png" alt="小米官网"> </a> </div> <div class="hw menu"> <a href="https://www.mi.com">Xiaomi手机</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">Redmi手机</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">电视</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">笔记本</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">平板</a> </div> <div class="hw search"></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div></body></html>

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4.3 推荐区域

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>小米商城</title> <style> /* 去掉body的边距 */ body { margin: 0; } img { width: 100%; height: 100%; } .left { float: left; } .margin_left { margin-left: 14.5px; } .header { background-color: #333; } /* 让中间内容居中 */ .container { width: 1226px; margin: 0 auto; /* 上下为0, 左右为auto */ } /* header class 下的标签 a 自动应用这个样式 */ .header a { color: #b0b0b0; line-height: 40px; display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; } .header .menu { float: left; color: white; } .header a { text-decoration: none; } .header a:hover { color: white; } .header .account { float: right; color: white; } .sub-header { height: 100px; } .sub-header .hw { width: 234px; height: 100px; } .sub-header .logo { float: left; } /* a标签是行内标签,默认不支持设置高度与边距因此设置padding是不起作用的,因此可以加上 inline-block */ .sub-header .logo a { padding-top: 22px; padding-bottom: 22px; display: inline-block; } /* 设置logo的图片像素大小 */ .sub-header .logo img { height: 56px; width: 56px; } .sub-header .menu { width: 400px; float:left; line-height: 100px; /* 与行高度保持一致 */ } .sub-header .menu a { text-decoration: none; /* 去掉 a 标签的下划线 */ color: #333; font-size: 16px; padding: 0 10px; /* 设置字体的左右外边距 */ display: inline-block; } /* 鼠标放到字体时,使字体变红 */ .sub-header .menu a:hover { color: #ff6700; } .sub-header .search { float: right; } .slider { height: 460px; } .news{ margin-top: 14px; } .news .channel { width: 228px; height: 164px; background-color: #5f5750; padding: 3px; } .news .channel .item { width: 76px; height: 82px; float: left; text-align: center; } .news .channel .item img { width: 24px; height: 24px; display: block; /* 让图片自已占一整行 */ margin: 0 auto; /* 让图片垂直居中 */ margin-bottom: 4px; /* 设置图片与下方字体的间距 */ } .news .channel .item a { display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; /* 设置字体大小 */ text-decoration: none; /* a标签去掉下划线 */ padding-top: 18px; color: #fff; /* 设置字体为白色 */ opacity: 0.7; /* 设置透明度 */ } .news .channel .item a:hover { opacity: 1; /* 设置透明度 */ } .news .list-item { width: 316px; height: 170px; } </style></head><body> <div class="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="menu"> <a href="https://www.mi.com">小米商城</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">MIUI</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">云平台</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">有品</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">小爱开放平台</a> </div> <div class="account"> <a href="https://www.mi.com">登录</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">注册</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">消息通知</a> </div>' <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="hw logo"> <a href="https://www.mi.com"> <img src="https://s02.mifile.cn/assets/static/image/logo-mi2.png" alt="小米官网"> </a> </div> <div class="hw menu"> <a href="https://www.mi.com">Xiaomi手机</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">Redmi手机</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">电视</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">笔记本</a> <a href="https://www.mi.com">平板</a> </div> <div class="hw search"></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> <div class="slider"> <div class="container"> <div> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/454c1da2c5b64a3f2c07c5a4c01aa9c4.jpg?thumb=1&w=1533&h=575&f=webp&q=90" alt="推荐商品"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="news"> <div class="container"> <div class="channel left"> <div class="item"> <a href="https://www.mi.com"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/82abdba456e8caaea5848a0cddce03db.png?w=48&h=48" alt=""> <div>保障服务</div> </a> </div> <div class="item"> <a href="https://www.mi.com"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/806f2dfb2d27978e33fe3815d3851fa3.png?w=48&h=48" alt=""> <div>企业团购</div> </a> </div> <div class="item"> <a href="https://www.mi.com"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/eded6fa3b897a058163e2485532c4f10.png?w=48&h=48" alt=""> <div>F码通道</div> </a> </div> <div class="item"> <a href="https://www.mi.com"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/43a3195efa6a3cc7662efed8e7abe8bf.png?w=48&h=48" alt=""> <div>米粉卡</div> </a> </div> <div class="item"> <a href="https://www.mi.com"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/f4846bca6010a0deb9f85464409862af.png?w=48&h=48" alt=""> <div>以旧换新</div> </a> </div> <div class="item"> <a href="https://www.mi.com"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/9a76d7636b08e0988efb4fc384ae497b.png?w=48&h=48" alt=""> <div>话费充值</div> </a> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div class="list-item left margin_left"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/d0c515086acb3c3a3e976ad20901aac5.jpg?w=632&h=340" alt=""> </div> <div class="list-item left margin_left"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/254c711cc71facf156ac955b8719dffa.jpg?w=632&h=340" alt=""> </div> <div class="list-item left margin_left"> <img src="https://cdn.cnbj1.fds.api.mi-img.com/mi-mall/2b120c0dddc056dcb36e847269fb92cd.jpg?w=632&h=340" alt=""> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div></body></html>

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5. Bootstrap

别人已经帮忙写好的CSS样式

使用方式:

下载Bootstrap使用: 在页面上引入 Bootstrap编写HTML时,按照Bootstrap的规定来编写或者自定制

由于我没有下载Pycharm,无法本地实时测试,我使用的VSCode进行的编辑,所以我继续使用Flaskweb进行页面的访问测试

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5.1 初识Bootstrap

下载地址: https://v3.bootcss.com/

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BaiDuNetDisk Download:链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1rcZldkNHrpC11f2plUv-rg?pwd=mh5b 提取码：mh5b

下载完成后解压,目录如下:

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在服务器中创建必要的目录

[root@hecs-33592 python]# cd bootstrap/[root@hecs-33592 bootstrap]# lsmain.py templates[root@hecs-33592 bootstrap]# mkdir static[root@hecs-33592 bootstrap]# cd static/[root@hecs-33592 static]# ls[root@hecs-33592 static]# mkdir css[root@hecs-33592 static]# mkdir js[root@hecs-33592 static]# mkdir img[root@hecs-33592 static]# mkdir plugins[root@hecs-33592 static]# tree /root/python/bootstrap//root/python/bootstrap/├── main.py├── static│ ├── css│ ├── img│ ├── js│ └── plugins└── templates

我会把刚刚下载好的bootstrap-3.4.1-dist.zip解压放到plugins下

[root@hecs-33592 plugins]# lsbootstrap-3.4.1-dist.zip[root@hecs-33592 plugins]# unzip bootstrap-3.4.1-dist.zip[root@hecs-33592 plugins]# mv bootstrap-3.4.1-dist bootstrap-3.4.1[root@hecs-33592 plugins]# tree bootstrap-3.4.1bootstrap-3.4.1├── css│ ├── bootstrap.css│ ├── bootstrap.css.map│ ├── bootstrap.min.css│ ├── bootstrap.min.css.map│ ├── bootstrap-theme.css│ ├── bootstrap-theme.css.map│ ├── bootstrap-theme.min.css│ └── bootstrap-theme.min.css.map├── fonts│ ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot│ ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg│ ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf│ ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff│ └── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2└── js ├── bootstrap.js ├── bootstrap.min.js └── npm.js

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接下来使用已经写好的导航栏

链接地址: https://v3.bootcss.com/components/

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复制上面的代码

访问效果如下:

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其实你仔细看会发现这个导航栏是有圆角的

接下来我们去掉圆角

F12调试页面

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覆盖.navbar样式

<style> .navbar { border-radius: 0; }</style>

再次访问就没有圆角了

可以在相应的位置进行修改,代码部分自己测试修改哈

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5.2 栅格系统

栅格系统介绍

整体划分为了12格

大致分为四种风格

.col-xs-

.col-sm-

.col-md-

.col-lg-

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响应式:根据页面的宽度,动态的改变布局

.col-sm- : 750px.col-md- : 970px.col-lg- : 1170px

非响应式:

.col-xs-

<div class="col-xs-2" style="background-color: brown; height: 20px;"></div><div class="col-xs-10" style="background-color: green;height: 20px;"></div>

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列偏移

col-sm-offset-

<div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-2" style="background-color: brown; height: 20px;"></div><div class="col-sm-7" style="background-color: green;height: 20px;"></div>

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5.3 container

container

<div class="container clearfix"> <div class="col-sm-9">左边</div> <div class="col-sm-3">右边</div></div>

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container-fluid

<div class="container-fluid clearfix"> <div class="col-sm-9">左边</div> <div class="col-sm-3">右边</div></div>

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5.4 面板

地址: https://v3.bootcss.com/components/#panels

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<body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">我的导航</a> </div>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">联通</a></li> <li><a href="#">移动</a></li> <li><a href="#">电信</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li><a href="#">登录</a></li> <li><a href="#">注册</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="container clearfix"> <div class="col-sm-9">左边</div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading">Panel heading without title</div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading">Panel heading without title</div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-warning"> <div class="panel-heading">Panel heading without title</div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> </div> </div></body>

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5.5 媒体对象

添加媒体对象

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由于官方文档给的示例代码不全,所以可以F12查看源码,复制页面中的样式

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<div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left media-middle"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading">Middle aligned media</h4> <p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left media-middle"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading">Middle aligned media</h4> <p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left media-middle"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading">Middle aligned media</h4> <p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left media-middle"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading">Middle aligned media</h4> <p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div> </div>

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5.6 分页

链接: https://v3.bootcss.com/components/#pagination

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<ul class="pagination"> <li class="disabled"><a href="#" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li> <li class="active"><a href="#">1 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li><a href="#" aria-label="Next"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li> </ul>

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案例: 登录

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宽度 + 区域居中内边距

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css"> <style> .ct { margin-left: auto; /* 设置水平居中 */ margin-right: auto; margin-top: 200px; width: 500px; height: 350px; border: 2px solid black; padding: 20px 40px; /* 设置内边距 */ border-radius: 10px; /* 设置圆角*/ box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px #aaa; /* 设置阴影水平垂直厚度颜色*/ background-color:bisque; } .ct h1 { text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; } .ct button { margin: 20px; } </style></head><body> <div class="ct"> <div> <h1>用户登录</h1> </div> <div> <form> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputEmail1">用户名</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="请输入用户名"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputPassword1">密码</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password"> </div> <div style="text-align: center"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登录</button> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">注册</button> </div> </form> </div> </div></body></html>

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案例: 后台管理

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5.7 图标

上面的后台管理案例中,Bootstrap提供的图标不是太够用,我们需要一个专业做图标的网站

地址: https://fontawesome.dashgame.com/

下载

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下载好后,上传至服务器的static/plugins下并解压

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打开网址https://fontawesome.dashgame.com/

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放在代码的这里

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访问

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以此类推,很简单

优化

针对前面的导航页面进行优化

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.css"> <style> .distance { margin-left: 40px; } </style></head><body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">我的导航</a> </div>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">联通</a></li> <li><a href="#">移动</a></li> <li><a href="#">电信</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li><a href="#">登录</a></li> <li><a href="#">注册</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="container clearfix"> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left media-middle"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading">Middle aligned media</h4> <div> <i class="fa fa-star" aria-hidden="true" style="color: #f0ad4e;"></i> <i class="fa fa-star" aria-hidden="true" style="color: #f0ad4e;"></i> <i class="fa fa-star" aria-hidden="true" style="color: #f0ad4e;"></i> <i class="fa fa-star" aria-hidden="true" style="color: #f0ad4e;"></i> <i class="fa fa-star" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> <div> <i class="fa fa-calendar" aria-hidden="true"></i> 2022-12-07 <i class="fa fa-user distance" aria-hidden="true"></i> poker <i class="fa fa-comment distance" aria-hidden="true"></i> 1234 </div> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left media-middle"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading">Middle aligned media</h4> <p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left media-middle"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading">Middle aligned media</h4> <p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left media-middle"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading">Middle aligned media</h4> <p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="disabled"><a href="#" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li> <li class="active"><a href="#">1 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li><a href="#" aria-label="Next"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <i class="fa fa-fire" aria-hidden="true" style="color: red;"></i> 最新推荐 </div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading">Panel heading without title</div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-warning"> <div class="panel-heading">Panel heading without title</div> <div class="panel-body"> Panel content </div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>

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5.8 Bootstrap实现动态效果

依赖:

JQueryJavascript

JQuery 是 Javascript 的类库

下载JQuery: https://jquery.com/download/

在这里插入图片描述

因为我的项目在服务器中,所以我可以在服务器中使用wget命令直接下载

放在static/js下

[root@hecs-33592 js]# pwd/root/python/bootstrap/static/js[root@hecs-33592 js]# wget https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.1.min.js--2022-12-07 14:08:39-- https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.1.min.jsResolving code.jquery.com (code.jquery.com)... 69.16.175.42, 69.16.175.10, 2001:4de0:ac18::1:a:1a, ...Connecting to code.jquery.com (code.jquery.com)|69.16.175.42|:443... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 89664 (88K) [application/javascript]Saving to: ‘jquery-3.6.1.min.js’100%[========================================================================================================================================================================>] 89,664 209KB/s in 0.4s 2022-12-07 14:08:40 (209 KB/s) - ‘jquery-3.6.1.min.js’ saved [89664/89664]

以之前的导航页面做演示

放在body标签中的最下面

<body>... <script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script> <script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></body>

浏览器刷新访问

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接下来看一下Javascript

地址: https://v3.bootcss.com/javascript/

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<div class="container">  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal"> Launch demo modal </button>  <div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Modal title</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> ... </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button> </div> </div> </div> </div></div>

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可以观察一下这个是怎么实现点击跳出窗口的

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal"> Launch demo modal</button>

上面的代码中,data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal",点击按钮后会寻找带有id=myModal的标签

<div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Modal title</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> ... </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button> </div> </div> </div></div>

因此我们可以知道,使用其他的标签一样可以触发点击跳转

将右上角的注册按钮设置为点击跳转窗口

<li><a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal">注册</a></li>

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6. Javascript

意义: 实现动态效果

先准备基础目录,拷贝之前的bootstrap目录

[root@hecs-33592 python]# cp -r bootstrap javascript

删除javascript中无用的html文件

[root@hecs-33592 python]# cd javascript/[root@hecs-33592 javascript]# lsmain.py static templates[root@hecs-33592 javascript]# cd templates/[root@hecs-33592 templates]# ls01.html 02.html 03.html 04.html 05.html[root@hecs-33592 templates]# rm -rf ./*

首先编写一个小样例

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .menus { width: 200px; border: 1px solid red; } .menus .header { background-color: gold; padding: 20px 10px; } </style></head><body> <div class="menus"> <div class="header" onclick="myFunc()">大标题</div> <div class="item">内容</div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function myFunc() { alert("hello") } </script></body></html>

访问测试

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跳出对话框

在这里插入图片描述

更改,使用confirm

<script type="text/javascript"> function myFunc() { // alert("hello") confirm("是否要继续?") }</script>

浏览器刷新访问

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6.1 代码位置

js代码的存在形式:

在当前HTML文件中

head中body中(推荐)

注意: 如果写在了head中,body的html代码不会执行,会先执行head中的javascript之后,才会显示html代码

在其他js文件中,导入使用(一般放在 body 中)

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<body><script src="static/js/my.js"></script></body>

6.2 注释

HTML的注释

 CSS的注释

/* 注释内容 */ Javascript的注释

// 注释内容/* 注释内容 */

6.3 变量

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <script type="text/javascript"> var name = "poker"; console.log(name); //打印变量 </script></body></html>

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6.3.1 字符串类型

//声明var name = "helloworld";var name = String("helloworld");

常见功能

var name = "中国联通"var v1 = name.length;var v2 = name[0];var v3 = name.trim();//去除空白var v4 = name.substring(0,2)//切片, 前取后不取

案例: 跑马灯

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <div id="txt">欢迎中国联通领导poker莅临指导</div> <script type="text/javascript"> function show() { //1.去HTML中找到某个标签并获取他的内容 (DOM) var tag = document.getElementById("txt"); var dataString = tag.innerText; //2.动态起来,把文本中的第一个字符放在字符串的最后面 var firstChar = dataString[0]; var otherString = dataString.substring(1, dataString.length); var newText = otherString + firstChar; //3.在HTML标签中更新内容 tag.innerText = newText; } //Javascript中的定时器 //每秒钟执行这个show函数 setInterval(show, 1000); //毫秒 </script></body></html>

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6.3.2 数组

var v1 = [11,22,33,44];var v2 = Array([11,22,33,44]);//操作var v1 = [11,22,33,44];v1[1]v1[0] = "poker"//追加v1.push("联通");//尾部追加 [11,22,33,44,"联通"]v1.unshift("联通");//头部追加 ["联通",11,22,33,44]v1.splice(索引,0,元素);v1.splice(1,0,"中国");//指定位置追加 [11,"中国",22,33,44]//删除v1.pop();//尾部删除v1.shift();//头部删除v1.splice(索引位置,1);v1.splice(2,1);//索引为 2 的元素删除 [11,22,44]//循环var v1 = [11,22,33,44];//循环的是索引for(var index in v1){ //data=v1[index]...}for(var i=0; i<v1.length; i++){ ...}

案例: 动态数据

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head><body> <ul id="city">  </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> var cityList = ["北京","天津","上海"]; for(var idx in cityList) { var text = cityList[idx]; //创建 <li></li> 标签 var tag = document.createElement("li"); //在 li 标签中写入内容 tag.innerText = text; //添加到 id=city 那个标签的里面 DOM var parentTag = document.getElementById("city"); parentTag.appendChild(tag); } </script></body></html>

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6.3.3 对象(字典)

info = { "name":"poker","age":18,}info = { name:"poker",age:18}info.age;info.name = "toker"info["age"]info["name"] = "toker";delete info["age"]//循环for(var key in info){ //key值 data=info[key]...}

案例: 动态表格

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody id="body"> <tr>  </tr> </tbody> </table> <script type="text/javascript"> var dataList = [ { id: 1, name: "poker", age: 25 }, { id: 1, name: "poker", age: 25 }, { id: 1, name: "poker", age: 25 }, { id: 1, name: "poker", age: 25 }, { id: 1, name: "poker", age: 25 }, { id: 1, name: "poker", age: 25 }, ]; for (var idx in dataList) { var info = dataList[idx] //1.创建 tr 标签 var tr = document.createElement("tr") for (var key in info) { var text = info[key]; //2.创建 td 标签 var td = document.createElement("td"); td.innerText = text; tr.appendChild(td); } //3. 追加数据 var bodyTag = document.getElementById("body"); bodyTag.appendChild(tr); } </script></body></html>

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6.4 条件语句

if (条件) { ...}else{ ...}if (条件) { ...else if (条件){ ...}else{ ...}

6.5 函数

function func(){ ...}//执行func()

6.6 DOM

DOM 是一个模块,模块可以对HTML页面中的标签进行操作

//根据 ID 获取标签var tag = doucment.getElementById("xx");//获取标签中的文本tag.innerText//修改标签中的文本tag.innerText = "hhhhhhh";

如标题 6.3.2 中的案例

<body> <ul id="city">  </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> var cityList = ["北京","天津","上海"]; for(var idx in cityList) { var text = cityList[idx]; //创建 <li></li> 标签 var tag = document.createElement("li"); //在 li 标签中写入内容 tag.innerText = text; //添加到 id=city 那个标签的里面 DOM var parentTag = document.getElementById("city"); parentTag.appendChild(tag); } </script></body>

事件的绑定

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <input type="text" placeholder="请输入内容" id="content"> <input type="button" value="点击添加" onclick="addCityInfo()"> <ul id="city"> </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> function addCityInfo() { //1.找到标签 var userContent = document.getElementById("content"); //2.获取input中用户输入的内容 var newString = userContent.value; //判断用户输入是否为空 if (newString.length > 0) { //3.创建 li 标签,传入用户输入的内容 var newTag = document.createElement("li"); newTag.innerText = newString; //4.标签添加到 ul 中 var parentTag = document.getElementById("city"); parentTag.appendChild(newTag); //5.将 input text 内容清空 userContent.value = ""; }else{ alert("输入不能为空!") } } </script></body></html>

在这里插入图片描述

还有很多的DOM操作没有介绍,我们后面会使用JQuery来实现DOM的功能,所以这里的内容了解即可

7. JQuery

JQuery是一个JavaScript的第三方模块(第三方类库)

基于JQuery自己开发一个功能现成的工具依赖JQuery, 例如: Bootstrap动态效果

JQuery的安装方式参考本文的 5.8 Bootstrap实现动态效果

7.1 快速上手

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <h1 id="txt">中国联通</h1> <script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //使用JQuery修改内容 $("#txt").text("广西移动"); </script></body></html>

在这里插入图片描述

7.2 寻找标签(直接)

7.2.1 ID选择器

<h1 id="txt">中国联通</h1><h1>中国联通</h1><h1>中国联通</h1>

JQuery操作:

$("#txt")

7.2.2 样式选择器

<h1 class="c1">中国联通</h1><h1 class="c2">中国联通</h1><h1 class="c3">中国联通</h1>

JQuery操作:

$(".c1")

7.2.3 标签选择器

<h1 class="c1">中国联通</h1><h1 class="c2">中国联通</h1><h1 class="c3">中国联通</h1>

JQuery操作:

$("h1")

7.2.4 层级选择器

<div class="c1"><div class="c2"><h1>123</h1></div></div>

JQuery操作:

$(".c1 .c2 h1")

7.2.5 多选择器

<div class="c1"><div class="c2"><h1>123</h1></div></div><div class="c3"><div class="c4"><h1>123</h1><li>456</li></div></div>

JQuery操作:

$("#c1,#c2,li")

7.2.6 属性选择器

<input type="text" name="n1" /><input type="text" name="n2" /><input type="text" name="n3" />

JQuery操作:

$("input[name='n1']")

7.3 寻找标签(间接)

7.3.1 找到上一个兄弟

<div><div>北京</div><div id="c1">上海</div><div>深圳</div><div>广州</div></div>

JQuery操作:

$("#c1").prev()//上一个$("#c1")$("#c1").next()//下一个$("#c1").next().next()//下一个的下一个$("#c1").siblings()//所有的

7.3.2 找父子

<div><div><div>北京</div><div id="c1"><div>浦东新区</div><div>静安区</div><div>奉贤区</div></div><div>深圳</div><div>广州</div></div><div><div>北京</div><div id="c1">上海</div><div>深圳</div><div>广州</div></div></div>

JQuery操作:

$("#c1").parent()//父亲$("#c1").parent().parent()//父亲的父亲$("#c1").children()//所有的儿子$("#c1").children(".p10")//所有的儿子中寻找class=p10$("#c1").find(".p10")//所有的子孙中寻找class=p10$("#c1").children("div")//所有的儿子中寻找标签 div

案例: 菜单的切换

在这里插入图片描述

功能升级: 只允许有一个是展开的

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .menus { width: 200px; height: 1000px; border: 1px solid red; } .menus .header { background-color: royalblue; padding: 5px 5px; border-bottom: 1px dotted gray; cursor: pointer; } .menus .content a { display: block; padding: 5px 5px; border-bottom: 1px dotted gray; } .hide { display: none; } </style></head><body> <div class="menus"> <div class="item"> <div class="header" onclick="clickMe(this);">天津</div> <div class="content"> <a>静海区</a> <a>东丽区</a> <a>西青区</a> <a>宝坻区</a> <a>滨海新区</a> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="header" onclick="clickMe(this);">上海</div> <div class="content hide"> <a>静安区</a> <a>奉贤区</a> <a>浦东新区</a> <a>徐汇区</a> <a>青浦区</a> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="header" onclick="clickMe(this);">上海1</div> <div class="content hide"> <a>静安区</a> <a>奉贤区</a> <a>浦东新区</a> <a>徐汇区</a> <a>青浦区</a> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="header" onclick="clickMe(this);">上海2</div> <div class="content hide"> <a>静安区</a> <a>奉贤区</a> <a>浦东新区</a> <a>徐汇区</a> <a>青浦区</a> </div> </div> </div> <script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function clickMe(self) { //1.让菜单展示出来 $(self).next().removeClass("hide"); //2.找父亲,父亲的所有兄弟,再去每个兄弟的子孙中寻找 class="content", 添加 hide 样式 $(self).parent().siblings().find(".content").addClass("hide"); } </script></body></html>

在这里插入图片描述

7.4 值的操作

<div id="c1">内容</div><input type="text " id="c2"/>

JQuery操作:

$("#c1").text()//获取文本内容$("#c1").text("abc")//设置文本内容$("#c2").val()//获取用户输入的值$("#c2").val("嘿嘿嘿")//设置值

案例: 动态创建数据

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <input type="text" id="txtUser" placeholder="用户名"> <input type="text" id="txtEmail" placeholder="密码"> <input type="button" value="提交" onclick="getInfo()"> <ul id="view"> </ul> <script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script> <script> function getInfo() { //1.获取用户输入的用户名与密码 var username = $("#txtUser").val(); var email = $("#txtEmail").val(); dataString = username + ":" + email //2.创建li标签, 在li内部写入内容 var newLi = $("<li>").text(dataString); //3.把新创建的li标签添加到ul里面 $("#view").append(newLi); } </script></body></html>

在这里插入图片描述

7.5 事件

<body> <ul> <li>百度</li> <li>谷歌</li> <li>搜狗</li> </ul> <script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script> <script> $("li").click(function(){ // 点击li标签时,自动执行这和函数 // $(this) 当前你点击的是哪个标签 }); </script></body>

在JQuery可以删除指定的标签

<script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script><script> $("li").click(function(){ // 点击li标签时,自动执行这和函数 // $(this) 当前你点击的是哪个标签 $(this).remove(); });</script>

当页面框架加载完成之后执行代码

案例: 表格操作

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title></head><body> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody id="body"> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>poker</td> <td> <input type="button" value="删除" class="delete" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>poker</td> <td> <input type="button" value="删除" class="delete" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>poker</td> <td> <input type="button" value="删除" class="delete" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>poker</td> <td> <input type="button" value="删除" class="delete" /> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script> <script> $( function () { $(".delete").click(function () { $(this).parent().parent().remove(); }); } ) </script></body></html>

在这里插入图片描述

8. 前端整合

HTMLCSSJavascript

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.css">   <style> /* 去除导航栏圆角 */ .navbar { border-radius: 0; } </style></head><body> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-9" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-9"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">登录</a></li> <li><a href="#">注册</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">poker <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li> <li><a href="#">我的账户</a></li> <li><a href="#">个性设置</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav>  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal"> Launch demo modal </button>  <div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Modal title</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> ... </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Tooltip on left">Tooltip on left</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Tooltip on top">Tooltip on top</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Tooltip on bottom">Tooltip on bottom</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Tooltip on right">Tooltip on right</button> </div> <div> <a id="tab" tabindex="0" class="btn btn-lg btn-danger" role="button" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="focus" title="Dismissible popover" data-content="And here's some amazing content. It's very engaging. Right?">可消失的弹出框</a> </div> <script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script> <script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <div class="container" style="width: 800px;height:600px"> <div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class=""></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1" class=""></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2" class="active"></li> </ol> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item"> <img data-src="holder.js/900x500/auto/#777:#555/text:First slide" alt="First slide [900x500]" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </div> <div class="item"> <img data-src="holder.js/900x500/auto/#666:#444/text:Second slide" alt="Second slide [900x500]" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </div> <div class="item active"> <img data-src="holder.js/900x500/auto/#555:#333/text:Third slide" alt="Third slide [900x500]" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" data-holder-rendered="true"> </div> </div> <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div> </div> <script> $(function () { $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip() }); $('#tab').popover('hide').popover({ trigger: "click", placement: "bottom"}); </script></body></html>

案例: 添加数据页面

人员信息录入功能,需要提供用户信息:

用户名年龄薪资部门入职时间

…

对于时间的选择: 插件(datetimepicker),或者可以直接使用<input type="date" class="form-control" placeholder="入职时间">

在这里插入图片描述

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