<code>from exts import db

from datetime import datetime

from enum import Enum

# PermissionEnum 枚举类型

# 存放权限类型的枚举

class PermissionEnum(Enum):

BOARD = "板块"

POST = "帖子"

COMMENT = "评论"

FRONT_USER = "前台用户"

CMS_USER = "后台用户"

# PermissionModel模型

# name 从PermissionEnum 枚举取

class PermissionModel(db.Model):

__tablename__="permission"code>

id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)

name = db.Column(db.Enum(PermissionEnum),nullable=False,unique=True)

# 中间表

# role_id来引用role表

# permission_id来引用permission表

role_permission_table=db.Table(

"role_permission_table",

db.Column("role_id",db.Integer,db.ForeignKey("role.id")),

db.Column("permission_id",db.Integer,db.ForeignKey("permission.id"))

)

class RoleModel(db.Model):

__tablename__="role"code>

# 主键id

id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)

# 角色名称

name = db.Column(db.String(100),nullable=False)

# 角色描述

desc = db.Column(db.String(100),nullable=False)

# 创建时间

create_time = db.Column(db.Datetime,default=datetime.now)

# 关系属性（RoleModel和PermissionModel属于多对多关系）

# role_permission_table 中间表

permissions = db.relationship("PermissionModel",secondary=role_permission_table,backref="roles")code>

在PermissionModel和RoleModel创建完成后，将模型映射到数据库中，需要借助Flask-Migrate插件

在app.py中，创建Migrate对象

from flask import Flask

import config

from exts import db

from blueprints.cms import bp as cms_bp

from blueprints.front import bp as front_bp

from blueprints.user import bp as user_bp

from flask_migrate import Migrate

app = Flask(__name__)

# 引入开发环境

app.config.from_object(config.DevelopmentConfig)

# 初始化db

db.init_app(app)

# 注册蓝图

app.register_blueprint(cms_bp)

app.register_blueprint(front_bp)

app.register_blueprint(user_bp)

# 创建Migrate对象

migrate = Migrate(app,db)

@app.route('/')

def hello_world():

return 'Hello World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

为了迁移时能让程序识别到models/user.py中的ORM模型，需要导入

from models import user

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ModuleNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)

Cell In[5], line 1

----> 1 from models import user

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'models'

在pyCharm的Terminal中执行以下命令，以生成迁移脚本，并完成迁移脚本的执行。

(pythonWeb) linql@localhost flaskDemo1 % flask db migrate -m "create permission and role model"

Error: Path doesn't exist: '/Users/linql/Desktop/code_Deeplearn/flaskDemo1/migrations'. Please use the 'init' command to create a new scripts folder.

上面运行，会报错。提示需要先“init”

# 先执行

flask db init

# 再执行

flask db migrate -m "create permission and role model"

执行以上命令后，已经为ORM模型生成了迁移脚本。

但，此时并没有真正同步到数据库中，还需要执行以下命令才会实现同步到数据库中。

<code>flask db upgrade

创建权限和角色

<code>from flask import Flask

import config

from exts import db

from blueprints.cms import bp as cms_bp

from blueprints.front import bp as front_bp

from blueprints.user import bp as user_bp

from flask_migrate import Migrate

from models import user

import click

app = Flask(__name__)

# 引入开发环境

app.config.from_object(config.DevelopmentConfig)

# 初始化db

db.init_app(app)

# 注册蓝图

app.register_blueprint(cms_bp)

app.register_blueprint(front_bp)

app.register_blueprint(user_bp)

# 创建Migrate对象

migrate = Migrate(app,db)

@app.route('/')

def hello_world():

return 'Hello World!'

@app.cli.command("my-command")

def my_command():

click.echo("这是我的自定义命令！")

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

通过装饰器@app.cli.command，将my_command函数添加到命令中，并且指定命令的名称为my-command。

然后，再在pycharm的terminal中输入以下命令。

flask my-command

在app.py中，实现一个名叫create-permission的命令。

针对每个模块分别添加一个权限。

<code>from flask import Flask

import config

from exts import db

from blueprints.cms import bp as cms_bp

from blueprints.front import bp as front_bp

from blueprints.user import bp as user_bp

from flask_migrate import Migrate

from models.user import PermissionEnum,PermissionModel,RoleModel

import click

app = Flask(__name__)

# 引入开发环境

app.config.from_object(config.DevelopmentConfig)

# 初始化db

db.init_app(app)

# 注册蓝图

app.register_blueprint(cms_bp)

app.register_blueprint(front_bp)

app.register_blueprint(user_bp)

# 创建Migrate对象

migrate = Migrate(app,db)

@app.route('/')

def hello_world():

return 'Hello World!'

# 测试命令

@app.cli.command("my-command")

def my_command():

click.echo("这是我的自定义命令！")

# 创建create-permission命令

@app.cli.command("create-permission")

def create_permission():

for permission_name in dir(PermissionEnum):

if permission_name.startswith("__"):

continue

permission = PermissionModel(name=getattr(PermissionEnum,permission_name))

db.session.add(permission)

db.session.commit()

click.echo("权限添加成功")

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

然后，再在pycharm的terminal中输入以下命令。

flask create-permission

权限创建成功后，再添加角色。

创建3个角色，分别为：稽查、运营、管理员。

角色名，稽查，权限：帖子、评论

角色名，运营，权限：板块、帖子、评论、前台用户

角色名，管理员，权限：板块、帖子、评论、前台用户、后台用户

创建角色，同创建权限一样操作，下面只给出代码，执行步骤一致

<code>from flask import Flask

import config

from exts import db

from blueprints.cms import bp as cms_bp

from blueprints.front import bp as front_bp

from blueprints.user import bp as user_bp

from flask_migrate import Migrate

from models.user import PermissionEnum, PermissionModel, RoleModel

import click

app = Flask(__name__)

# 引入开发环境

app.config.from_object(config.DevelopmentConfig)

# 初始化db

db.init_app(app)

# 注册蓝图

app.register_blueprint(cms_bp)

app.register_blueprint(front_bp)

app.register_blueprint(user_bp)

# 创建Migrate对象

migrate = Migrate(app, db)

@app.route('/')

def hello_world():

return 'Hello World!'

# 测试命令

@app.cli.command("my-command")

def my_command():

click.echo("这是我的自定义命令！")

# 创建添加权限的命令create-permission

@app.cli.command("create-permission")

def create_permission():

for permission_name in dir(PermissionEnum):

if permission_name.startswith("__"):

continue

permission = PermissionModel(name=getattr(PermissionEnum, permission_name))

db.session.add(permission)

db.session.commit()

click.echo("权限添加成功")

# 创建添加角色的命令create-role

@app.cli.command("create-role")

def create_role():

# 稽查

inspector = RoleModel(name="稽查", desc="负责审核帖子和评论是否合法合规")code>

inspector.permissions = PermissionModel.query.filter(

PermissionModel.name.in_([PermissionEnum.POST, PermissionEnum.COMMENT])).all()

# 运营

operator = RoleModel(name="运营", desc="负责网站持续正常运营！")code>

operator.permissions = PermissionModel.query.filter(PermissionModel.name.in_(

[PermissionEnum.POST, PermissionEnum.COMMENT, PermissionEnum.BOARD, PermissionEnum.FRONT_USER,

PermissionEnum.CMS_USER])).all()

# 管理员

administrator = RoleModel(name="管理员", desc="负责整个网站所有工作！")code>

administrator.permissions = PermissionModel.query.all()

db.session.add_all([inspector,operator,administrator])

db.session.commit()

click.echo("角色创建成功！")

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

# 在pycharm中的terminal中运行

flask create-role

对app.py进行瘦身，将command部分的代码放到commands.py里

<code># commands.py

from models.user import PermissionEnum, PermissionModel, RoleModel

import click

from exts import db

# 测试命令

# @app.cli.command("my-command")

def my_command():

click.echo("这是我的自定义命令！")

# 创建添加权限的命令create-permission

# @app.cli.command("create-permission")

def create_permission():

for permission_name in dir(PermissionEnum):

if permission_name.startswith("__"):

continue

permission = PermissionModel(name=getattr(PermissionEnum, permission_name))

db.session.add(permission)

db.session.commit()

click.echo("权限添加成功")

# 创建添加角色的命令create-role

# @app.cli.command("create-role")

def create_role():

# 稽查

inspector = RoleModel(name="稽查", desc="负责审核帖子和评论是否合法合规")code>

inspector.permissions = PermissionModel.query.filter(

PermissionModel.name.in_([PermissionEnum.POST, PermissionEnum.COMMENT])).all()

# 运营

operator = RoleModel(name="运营", desc="负责网站持续正常运营！")code>

operator.permissions = PermissionModel.query.filter(PermissionModel.name.in_(

[PermissionEnum.POST, PermissionEnum.COMMENT, PermissionEnum.BOARD, PermissionEnum.FRONT_USER,

PermissionEnum.CMS_USER])).all()

# 管理员

administrator = RoleModel(name="管理员", desc="负责整个网站所有工作！")code>

administrator.permissions = PermissionModel.query.all()

db.session.add_all([inspector,operator,administrator])

db.session.commit()

click.echo("角色创建成功！")

# app.py文件

from flask import Flask

import config

from exts import db

from blueprints.cms import bp as cms_bp

from blueprints.front import bp as front_bp

from blueprints.user import bp as user_bp

from flask_migrate import Migrate

# 引入了命令

import commands

app = Flask(__name__)

# 引入开发环境

app.config.from_object(config.DevelopmentConfig)

# 初始化db

db.init_app(app)

# 注册蓝图

app.register_blueprint(cms_bp)

app.register_blueprint(front_bp)

app.register_blueprint(user_bp)

# 创建Migrate对象

migrate = Migrate(app, db)

# 添加命令

app.cli.command("create-permission")(commands.create_permission)

app.cli.command("create-role")(commands.create_role)

app.cli.command("my-command")(commands.my_command) #瘦身后，再次测试

@app.route('/')

def hello_world():

return 'Hello World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

创建用户模型