嵌入式web boa配置流程详解

石子君 2024-07-21 14:33:01 阅读 85

boa配置流程详解

前期准备boa介绍操作目的下载boa

配置流程1.解压boa服务器2.配置Makefile3.编译boa服务器4.修改boa配置文件5.增加权限并编译cgi6.测试demo7.错误示例

附录A history附录B boa.conf

前期准备

boa介绍

Boa服务器是一个小巧高效的web服务器,是一个运行于unix或linux下的,支持CGI的、适合于嵌入式系统的单任务的http服务器,源代码开放、性能高。Boa是一种非常小巧的Web服务器,其可执行代码只有大约60KB左右。作为一种单任务Web服务器,Boa只能依次完成用户的请求,而不会fork出新的进程来处理并发连接请求。但Boa支持CGI,能够为CGI程序fork出一个进程来执行。Boa的设计目标是速度和安全。

操作目的

本次流程目的是在飞凌开发板部署配置boa服务器,平台为aarch64,通过简单逻辑登录页面来验证流程是否成功,并将流程中的报错一并托出。

下载boa

boa官网地址:www.boa.org

记得不要选0.94.14rc21,这个解压后src目录下没有configure文件,选择0.94.13的here下载。下载的格式是boa-0.94.13.tar.gz

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配置流程

首先先连接好目标ip将boa的压缩包传进去,例:如果使用ubuntu的小伙伴那就使用xftp或者MobaXterm或者FileZilla Client将boa-0.94.13.tar.gz传入Ubuntu。

(本文会将history附在最后,暂记附录A)

1.解压boa服务器

我们假设你已经进入到Ubuntu的home路径下,开始解压boa

sudo tar zxvf boa-0.94.13.tar.gz

cd boa-0.94.13

sudo apt-get install bison flex

cd src

./configure 生成Makefile

2.配置Makefile

这里需要注意的是,假使你的目标是X86平台,可以跳过步骤2,如果你的目标平台是aarch64 arm等,需要改动makefile

<code>查看平台架构:uname -m

文件显示行号:按键Esc,输入英文:set nu 或者:set number

makefile改动CC CPP两点,如图示例。

执行

sudo vi Makefile

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小伙伴们注意哈,aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc是tab补全的,千万别自己傻傻敲哈。

3.编译boa服务器

目前是在src目录下,即当前路径(以我为例)为/home/graysen/boa-0.94.13/src

3.1 编辑defines.h

sudo vi defines.h

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这里是web服务器根目录,也就是web,cgi的存放位置。

3.2 编辑boa.c

sudo vi boa.c

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3.3 编辑compat.h

sudo vi compat.h

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3.4 编辑log.c

sudo vi log.c

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这里需要注意下,注释log.c的作用是决定是否显示启动boa服务器的打印输出,比如我注释了,在启动boa时会在shell中显示详细执行情况;如果不注释,启动完boa无任何输出(无论注释或者不注释结果都会显示在/boa/log目录下)

编辑修改文件工作已经完成

当前在src目录下

执行

sudo make

开始编译


编译完成后,开始安装boa服务器

在src目录下

sudo mkdir -p /boa /boa/www /boa/cgi-bin /boa/log

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cd …

回到boa-0.94.13目录,将编译后的文件copy到boa服务器位置

执行

sudo cp boa.conf /boa

sudo cp src/boa /boa

sudo cp src/boa_indexer /boa

sudo cp /etc/mime.types /boa

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4.修改boa配置文件

我们将boa服务器放在了根目录下

cd /boa

sudo vim boa.conf

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#ErrorLog /var/log/boa/error_log是定向输出到这的错误日志,如果您不想记录错误,请设置为 /dev/null。

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DocumentRoot /boa/www是你的web的目录,存放web的地方

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ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /boa/cgi-bin/是存放.c .cgi文件的地方,当然可以指定任何地方,可以在www下建立cgi-bin进行存放,那么这里就需要修改为:

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /boa/www/cgi-bin/

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里面字段的具体含义可以参考官网解释http://www.boa.org/documentation/boa-2.html#ss2.3

(本文会将boa.conf全文放置最后,暂且记附录B)

5.增加权限并编译cgi

修改boa权限

cd /boa

sudo chmod 777 *

编写简单html demo存放至/boa/www下

<code><html>

<head>

<title>CGI login</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">code>

</head>

<body>

<form name="login" action="../cgi-bin/login.cgi">name:<input type="text" name="name" />code>

<br/>password:<input type="password" name="pwd" /> code>

<br/>true:<input type="submit" value="login" />code>

</form>

</body>

</html>

编写简单c demo编译后存放至/boa/cgi-bin下

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

int main()

{

char *date;

char name[50],pwd[20];

printf("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8\n\n");

printf("<TITLE>login ret</TITLE>");

printf("<H3>login ret</h3>");

date=getenv("QUERY_STRING");

if(date==NULL)

printf("<p>err</p>");

else

{

sscanf(date,"name=%[^&]&pwd=%s",name,pwd);

printf("<p>name=%s</p>",name);

printf("<p>pwd=%s</p>",pwd);

printf("%s",date);

}

return 0;

}

printf("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8\n\n"); 如果你自己C文件这句话一定要加上

注意:

如果你是X86平台运行,请使用gcc编译

如果你是aarch64 arm平台运行,请使用aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc或者arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc编译

以我为例,使用aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc编译

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将我的示例代码login.cgi存放至/boa/cgi-bin下

sudo cp login.cgi /boa/cgi-bin

并增加权限

(当前我已经切换到/boa/cgi-bin目录下)

sudo chmod 777 *(或者sudo chmod 777 login.cgi)

6.测试demo

在/boa目录下会看到boa

执行

./boa

启动服务器

打开浏览器输入 (你的ubuntu ip或者开发板ip)(boa.conf设置的端口)

以我为例:192.168.31.201:8080

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成功显示页面,并输入账号密码

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成功跳转到/cgi-bin/login.cgi,显示正确

7.错误示例

7.1 -bash: ./boa: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error

出现-bash: ./boa: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error错误可能是因为你的交叉编译出问题了,有可能是你的目标环境是aarch64,但是你是用gcc编译的C文件,请尝试修改makefile,使用正确的编译器编译,遵循makefile-编译C-目标环境一致。

7.2Could not chdir to “/etc/boa”: aborting

关于该目录的定义在 defines.h中,可能你的boa服务器目录没有配置或者配置路径出错,按照我们示例,是将#define SERVER_ROOT修改为 “/boa”

7.3 502 Bad GatewayThe CGI was not CGI/1.1 compliant

出现

502 Bad Gateway

The CGI was not CGI/1.1 compliant

cgi_header: unable to find LFLF

原因有以下几点:

1.可能是网址打错了(路径是否和配置文件对应)

2.配置有问题

3.权限没给足 chmod 777 test.cgi

4.代码本身有问题(先测测 cgi-test.cgi)

5.c代码使用错误的编译器生成了cgi

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6.试试关闭两端防火墙,关闭火绒等

依次检查完无误后如果还是不行,可以尝试重新配置并移植boa

7.4 GET http://192.168.77.149:888/favicon.ico

在网络调试抓捕中出现GET http://192.168.77.149:888/favicon.ico

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显示你没有favicon.ico文件,在/boa/www下传入favicon.ico文件即可

favicon.ico一般用于作为缩略的网站标志,它显示在浏览器的地址栏、浏览器标签上或者在收藏夹上,是展示网站个性的缩略logo标志。

你可以使用在线转换网页来将任意图片转换为favicon.ico


附录A history

<code>cd boa-0.94.13/

ls

sudo apt-get install bison flex

cd src/

sudo ./configure

ls

sudo vi defines.h

sudo vi boa.c

sudo vi compat.h

sudo make

sudo mkdir -p /boa /boa/www /boa/cgi-bin /boa/log

sudo cp boa.conf /boa

sudo cp src/boa /boa

sudo cp src/boa_indexer /boa

sudo cp /etc/mime.types /boa

sudo cp test.html /boa/www/

sudo cp test.c /boa/cgi-bin/

sudo ufw disable

附录B boa.conf

# Boa v0.94 configuration file

# File format has not changed from 0.93

# File format has changed little from 0.92

# version changes are noted in the comments

#

# The Boa configuration file is parsed with a lex/yacc or flex/bison

# generated parser. If it reports an error, the line number will be

# provided; it should be easy to spot. The syntax of each of these

# rules is very simple, and they can occur in any order. Where possible

# these directives mimic those of NCSA httpd 1.3; I saw no reason to

# introduce gratuitous differences.

# $Id: boa.conf,v 1.25 2002/03/22 04:33:09 jnelson Exp $

# The "ServerRoot" is not in this configuration file. It can be compiled

# into the server (see defines.h) or specified on the command line with

# the -c option, for example:

#

# boa -c /usr/local/boa

# Port: The port Boa runs on. The default port for http servers is 80.

# If it is less than 1024, the server must be started as root.

#Port 80

Port 8080

# Listen: the Internet address to bind(2) to. If you leave it out,

# it takes the behavior before 0.93.17.2, which is to bind to all

# addresses (INADDR_ANY). You only get one "Listen" directive,

# if you want service on multiple IP addresses, you have three choices:

# 1. Run boa without a "Listen" directive

# a. All addresses are treated the same; makes sense if the addresses

# are localhost, ppp, and eth0.

# b. Use the VirtualHost directive below to point requests to different

# files. Should be good for a very large number of addresses (web

# hosting clients).

# 2. Run one copy of boa per IP address, each has its own configuration

# with a "Listen" directive. No big deal up to a few tens of addresses.

# Nice separation between clients.

# The name you provide gets run through inet_aton(3), so you have to use dotted

# quad notation. This configuration is too important to trust some DNS.

#Listen 192.68.0.5

# User: The name or UID the server should run as.

# Group: The group name or GID the server should run as.

User nobody

#Group nogroup

Group nobody

# ServerAdmin: The email address where server problems should be sent.

# Note: this is not currently used, except as an environment variable

# for CGIs.

#ServerAdmin root@localhost

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. If this does not start

# with /, it is considered relative to the server root.

# Set to /dev/null if you don't want errors logged.

# If unset, defaults to /dev/stderr

#ErrorLog /var/log/boa/error_log

ErrorLog /boa/log/error_log

# Please NOTE: Sending the logs to a pipe ('|'), as shown below,

# is somewhat experimental and might fail under heavy load.

# "Usual libc implementations of printf will stall the whole

# process if the receiving end of a pipe stops reading."

#ErrorLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog --symlink=/var/log/boa/error_log /var/log/boa/error-%Y%m%d.log"

# AccessLog: The location of the access log file. If this does not

# start with /, it is considered relative to the server root.

# Comment out or set to /dev/null (less effective) to disable

# Access logging.

#AccessLog /var/log/boa/access_log

AccessLog /boa/log/access_log

# Please NOTE: Sending the logs to a pipe ('|'), as shown below,

# is somewhat experimental and might fail under heavy load.

# "Usual libc implementations of printf will stall the whole

# process if the receiving end of a pipe stops reading."

#AccessLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog --symlink=/var/log/boa/access_log /var/log/boa/access-%Y%m%d.log"

# UseLocaltime: Logical switch. Uncomment to use localtime

# instead of UTC time

#UseLocaltime

# VerboseCGILogs: this is just a logical switch.

# It simply notes the start and stop times of cgis in the error log

# Comment out to disable.

#VerboseCGILogs

# ServerName: the name of this server that should be sent back to

# clients if different than that returned by gethostname + gethostbyname

#ServerName www.your.org.here

# VirtualHost: a logical switch.

# Comment out to disable.

# Given DocumentRoot /var/www, requests on interface 'A' or IP 'IP-A'

# become /var/www/IP-A.

# Example: http://localhost/ becomes /var/www/127.0.0.1

#

# Not used until version 0.93.17.2. This "feature" also breaks commonlog

# output rules, it prepends the interface number to each access_log line.

# You are expected to fix that problem with a postprocessing script.

#VirtualHost

# DocumentRoot: The root directory of the HTML documents.

# Comment out to disable server non user files.

#DocumentRoot /var/www

DocumentRoot /boa/www

# UserDir: The name of the directory which is appended onto a user's home

# directory if a ~user request is recieved.

UserDir public_html

# DirectoryIndex: Name of the file to use as a pre-written HTML

# directory index. Please MAKE AND USE THESE FILES. On the

# fly creation of directory indexes can be _slow_.

# Comment out to always use DirectoryMaker

DirectoryIndex index.html

# DirectoryMaker: Name of program used to create a directory listing.

# Comment out to disable directory listings. If both this and

# DirectoryIndex are commented out, accessing a directory will give

# an error (though accessing files in the directory are still ok).

#DirectoryMaker /usr/lib/boa/boa_indexer

DirectoryMaker /boa/boa_indexer

# DirectoryCache: If DirectoryIndex doesn't exist, and DirectoryMaker

# has been commented out, the the on-the-fly indexing of Boa can be used

# to generate indexes of directories. Be warned that the output is

# extremely minimal and can cause delays when slow disks are used.

# Note: The DirectoryCache must be writable by the same user/group that

# Boa runs as.

# DirectoryCache /var/spool/boa/dircache

# KeepAliveMax: Number of KeepAlive requests to allow per connection

# Comment out, or set to 0 to disable keepalive processing

KeepAliveMax 1000

# KeepAliveTimeout: seconds to wait before keepalive connection times out

KeepAliveTimeout 10

# MimeTypes: This is the file that is used to generate mime type pairs

# and Content-Type fields for boa.

# Set to /dev/null if you do not want to load a mime types file.

# Do *not* comment out (better use AddType!)

#MimeTypes /etc/mime.types

MimeTypes /boa/mime.types

# DefaultType: MIME type used if the file extension is unknown, or there

# is no file extension.

DefaultType text/plain

# CGIPath: The value of the $PATH environment variable given to CGI progs.

CGIPath /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin

# SinglePostLimit: The maximum allowable number of bytes in

# a single POST. Default is normally 1MB.

# AddType: adds types without editing mime.types

# Example: AddType type extension [extension ...]

# Uncomment the next line if you want .cgi files to execute from anywhere

#AddType application/x-httpd-cgi cgi

# Redirect, Alias, and ScriptAlias all have the same semantics -- they

# match the beginning of a request and take appropriate action. Use

# Redirect for other servers, Alias for the same server, and ScriptAlias

# to enable directories for script execution.

# Redirect allows you to tell clients about documents which used to exist in

# your server's namespace, but do not anymore. This allows you to tell the

# clients where to look for the relocated document.

# Example: Redirect /bar http://elsewhere/feh/bar

# Aliases: Aliases one path to another.

# Example: Alias /path1/bar /path2/foo

Alias /doc /usr/doc

# ScriptAlias: Maps a virtual path to a directory for serving scripts

# Example: ScriptAlias /htbin/ /www/htbin/

#ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /boa/cgi-bin/



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