1. 准备工作（所有节点执行）

1.1. 准备虚拟机

本地部署，仅供参考。

三个节点：名字为k8s-node1、k8s-node2、k8s-master

设置系统主机名及Host 文件

sudo cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts192.168.255.141 k8s-node1192.168.255.142 k8s-node2192.168.255.140 k8s-masterEOF

# 对应的节点执行sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master

1.2 更新yum

# 需要更新很久sudo yum update -y#设置存储库 sudo yum install -y yum-utils sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

1.3 相关设置

1.3.1 禁用iptables和firewalld服务

systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalldsystemctl stop iptablessystemctl disable iptables

1.3.2 禁用selinux

# 永久关闭sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config# 临时关闭setenforce 0

1.3.3 禁用swap分区

# 临时关闭swapoff -a# 永久关闭vim /etc/fstab将行 /dev/mapper/xxx swap xxx注释

1.3.4 调整内核参数，对于 K8S

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.confnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1EOF# 依次执行下面命令sysctl -pmodprobe br_netfilterlsmod | grep br_netfilter

显示：

1.3.5 配置 ipvs 功能

# 安装ipset和ipvsadmyum install ipset ipvsadmin -y# 添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件cat <<EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules#!/bin/bashmodprobe -- ip_vsmodprobe -- ip_vs_rrmodprobe -- ip_vs_wrrmodprobe -- ip_vs_shmodprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4EOF# 为脚本文件添加执行权限chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules# 执行脚本文件 /bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules# 查看对应的模块是否加载成功lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

显示：

重启

reboot

2. 安装docker和cri-dockerd（所有节点执行）

2.1 安装docker

2.1.1 移除旧版docker（新安装虚拟机则不需执行）

sudo yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-engine

2.1.2 安装docker及其依赖库

sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

2.1.3 启动Docker，设置开机自启动

# 启动dockersudo systemctl start docker# 设置docker开机启动sudo systemctl enable docker# 验证sudo systemctl status docker

2.2 安装cri-dockerd

k8s 1.24版本后需要使用cri-dockerd和docker通信

2.2.1 下载cri-dockerd

# 若没有wget，则执行sudo yum install -y wget# 下载sudo wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.4/cri-dockerd-0.3.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm# 安装sudo rpm -ivh cri-dockerd-0.3.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm# 重载系统守护进程sudo systemctl daemon-reload

2.2.2 设置镜像加速

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'{ "registry-mirrors": ["https://c12xt3od.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]}EOF

2.2.3 修改配置文件

修改第10行 ExecStart=改为ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service

2.2.4 自启动、重启Docker组件

# 重载系统守护进程sudo systemctl daemon-reload# 设置cri-dockerd自启动sudo systemctl enable cri-docker.socket cri-docker# 启动cri-dockerdsudo systemctl start cri-docker.socket cri-docker# 检查Docker组件状态sudo systemctl status docker cir-docker.socket cri-docker

显示：

3. 安装Kubernetes

3.1 安装kubectl（所有节点执行）

# 当前使用的是最新版本 v1.28.2# 下载curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"# 检验curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256"echo "$(cat kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | sha256sum --check# 安装sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl# 测试kubectl version --client

3.2 安装kubeadm（所有节点执行）

# 改国内源cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo[kubernetes]name=Kubernetesbaseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64enabled=1gpgcheck=0repo_gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpgexclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectlEOF # 安装sudo yum install -y install kubeadm-1.28.2-0 kubelet-1.28.2-0 kubectl-1.28.2-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes# 设置自启动sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

3.3 安装runc（所有节点执行）

# 下载 runc.amd64 sudo wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.9/runc.amd64# 安装sudo install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/bin/runc# 验证runc -v

3.4 部署集群

3.4.1 初始化集群（master节点执行）

# 执行 kubeadm init 命令kubeadm init --node-name=k8s-master --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.255.140 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12# 需要修改的参数--apiserver-advertise-address # 指定 API 服务器的广告地址、我设置为master节点的ip# 初始化成功后运行下面的命令 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config# master节点执行 配置文件的复制（为了在node节点可以使用kubectl相关命令）scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 192.168.255.141:/etc/kubernetes/scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 192.168.255.142:/etc/kubernetes/

显示：

3.4.2 node节点加入（node节点执行）

# 到node节点检查admin.conf文件是否传输完成ls /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf manifests# 将admin.conf加入环境变量，直接使用永久生效echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile# 加载source ~/.bash_profile# ---------------------------------加入集群-------------------------------------# 1.在master节点执行 kubeadm init成功后，会出现 kubeadm join xxx xxx的命令，直接复制到node节点执行就好。# 2.下面是若没有复制到kubeadm join的命令或者是想要在集群中加入新节点，# 则先在master执行，获取token 和 discovery-token-ca-cert-hash。# 获取 token 参数kubeadm token list # 查看已有 tokenkubeadm token create # 没有token则执行，创建新的 TOKEN# 获取 discovery-token-ca-cert-hash 参数 openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'# 3.node节点执行 kubeadm join# 修改获取的 token 和 discovery-token-ca-cert-hash 后，再执行 kubeadm join 192.168.255.140:6443 --token y8v2nc.ie2ovh1kxqtgppbo --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1fa593d1bc58653afaafc9ca492bde5b8e40e9adef055e8e939d4eb34fb436bf --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

3.4.3 重新加入集群（node节点执行）

# 先执行kubeadm reset --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock# 再获取TOKEN、discovery-token-ca-cert-hash 参数后，最后执行kubeadm join 192.168.255.140:6443 --token y8v2nc.ie2ovh1kxqtgppbo --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1fa593d1bc58653afaafc9ca492bde5b8e40e9adef055e8e939d4eb34fb436bf --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

3.4.4 安装网络插件下载然后运行

# 下载，若网络抽风~~，则复制下面的kube-flannel.ymlsudo wget https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/download/v0.22.3/kube-flannel.yml# 执行kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

或者

vi kube-flannel.yml

# kube-flannel.ymlapiVersion: v1kind: Namespacemetadata: labels: k8s-app: flannel pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged name: kube-flannel---apiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata: labels: k8s-app: flannel name: flannel namespace: kube-flannel---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: ClusterRolemetadata: labels: k8s-app: flannel name: flannelrules:- apiGroups: - "" resources: - pods verbs: - get- apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - get - list - watch- apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes/status verbs: - patch- apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io resources: - clustercidrs verbs: - list - watch---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: ClusterRoleBindingmetadata: labels: k8s-app: flannel name: flannelroleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: flannelsubjects:- kind: ServiceAccount name: flannel namespace: kube-flannel---apiVersion: v1data: cni-conf.json: | { "name": "cbr0", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "plugins": [ { "type": "flannel", "delegate": { "hairpinMode": true, "isDefaultGateway": true } }, { "type": "portmap", "capabilities": { "portMappings": true } } ] } net-conf.json: | { "Network": "10.244.0.0/16", "Backend": { "Type": "vxlan" } }kind: ConfigMapmetadata: labels: app: flannel k8s-app: flannel tier: node name: kube-flannel-cfg namespace: kube-flannel---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: DaemonSetmetadata: labels: app: flannel k8s-app: flannel tier: node name: kube-flannel-ds namespace: kube-flannelspec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel k8s-app: flannel template: metadata: labels: app: flannel k8s-app: flannel tier: node spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux containers: - args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr command: - /opt/bin/flanneld env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH value: "5000" image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.3 name: kube-flannel resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 50Mi securityContext: capabilities: add: - NET_ADMIN - NET_RAW privileged: false volumeMounts: - mountPath: /run/flannel name: run - mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ name: flannel-cfg - mountPath: /run/xtables.lock name: xtables-lock hostNetwork: true initContainers: - args: - -f - /flannel - /opt/cni/bin/flannel command: - cp image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.2.0 name: install-cni-plugin volumeMounts: - mountPath: /opt/cni/bin name: cni-plugin - args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist command: - cp image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.3 name: install-cni volumeMounts: - mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d name: cni - mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ name: flannel-cfg priorityClassName: system-node-critical serviceAccountName: flannel tolerations: - effect: NoSchedule operator: Exists volumes: - hostPath: path: /run/flannel name: run - hostPath: path: /opt/cni/bin name: cni-plugin - hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d name: cni - configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg name: flannel-cfg - hostPath: path: /run/xtables.lock type: FileOrCreate name: xtables-lock

3.5 测试kubernetes 集群

# 下面一般在master节点执行，若node节点可以使用kubectl命令，也可以在node节点上操作kubectl get nodeskubectl get pod -A

显示：

3.5.1 使用nginx测试

vi nginx-deployment.yamlkubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml

# nginx-deployment.yamlapiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata: name: nginx-deploymentspec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:latest ports: - containerPort: 80---apiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata: name: nginx-servicespec: selector: app: nginx ports: - name: http port: 80 targetPort: 80 nodePort: 30080 type: NodePort

执行

[root@k8s-master k8s]# kubectl get pod,svc |grep nginxpod/nginx-deployment-7c79c4bf97-4xzc9 1/1 Running 0 83spod/nginx-deployment-7c79c4bf97-lp4fn 1/1 Running 0 83spod/nginx-deployment-7c79c4bf97-vt8wh 1/1 Running 0 83sservice/nginx-service NodePort 10.97.154.241 <none> 80:30080/TCP 83s

访问：http://192.168.255.140:30080/，出现这个页面就算大功告成！