手把手教你从0搭建SpringBoot项目
素小小素 2024-06-15 12:05:03 阅读 64
在银行呆了一年,很久没写SpringBoot项目了,搭建一个简单的SpringBoot项目回顾下
用到的工具:idea 2021、Maven 3.6.3、postman
框架:SpringBoot、Mybatis
数据库:Mysql8.0.30
一、Maven 安装&配置
安装&配置参考博文
注意:
1.下载maven注意idea与Maven版本的适配:
IDEA 2022 兼容maven 3.8.1及之前的所用版本IDEA 2021 兼容maven 3.8.1及之前的所用版本IDEA 2020 兼容Maven 3.6.3及之前所有版本IDEA 2018 兼容Maven3.6.1及之前所有版本
2.为了避免每次创建项目都要改Maven配置,可以修改idea创建新项目的设置
二、安装数据库
mysql8安装参考博文
三、设计库表(这里用的idea自带的数据库管理工具,其他诸如Dbeaver、SQLyog等也可以)
**注意:**连接不上往往是驱动的问题,把对应的驱动下载好即可
新建表
新建字段
添加数据
注意:添加完成后需要提交
添加的快捷键:alt+insert提交的快捷键:ctrl+enter
四、搭建SpringBoot项目
1.创建项目
2. 勾选会用到的依赖
3.项目刚创建好时的结构(图片是拷贝的别人的,所以项目名不一致,别在意,重点关注项目结构即可)
4.templates文件下新建index.html页面,作为启动的初始页面
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hello</title></head><body>SpringBoot 简单启动页面</body></html>
5. 在com.susu.testsimplespringboot下新建controller文件夹,在controller文件夹下建一个简单的LoginController类;(Controller类要添加@Controller注解,项目启动时,SpringBoot会自动扫描加载Controller)
package com.susu.testsimplespringboot;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;/** * @ClassName HelloController * @Description TODO * @Author susu * @Date 2023/4/9 15:53 * @Version 1.0 */@Controllerpublic class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/index") public String sayHello() { return "index"; }}
6.在resources文件夹下application中先配置DataSource基本信息
application文件有两种文件格式,一种是以**.properties为后缀,一种是以.yml**为后缀的,两种配置方式略有差别,详情可参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29648651/article/details/78503853;在这我是用.yml后缀的文件格式。右键application文件选择Refact,选择Rename,将后缀改为yml;
spring: datasource: name: test url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test username: root password: root driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Drivermybatis: mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml type-aliases-package: com.susu.testsimplespringboot.DTO.UserLoginDTO
7. 运行项目TestSimpleSpringBootApplication.java(图片是拷贝的,所以文件名不一致,别在意,重点关注启动类没动过,直接启动即可)
8.在浏览器中输入localhost:8080,回车显示初始的index界面
9. SpringBoot 项目大概可以分为以下四层
mapper层(dao层)service层(包括service接口、实现类)controller层(web层)10.最终的项目结构
11 项目代码展示
(1)在application配置文件中添加:数据库配置、MyBatis配置:
spring: datasource: name: test url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test username: root password: root driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Drivermybatis: mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml type-aliases-package: com.susu.testsimplespringboot.DTO.UserLoginDTO
(2)pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.7.10</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.susu</groupId> <artifactId>testSimpleSpringBoot</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>testSimpleSpringBoot</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>
(3) 实体类
UserLogin
package com.susu.testsimplespringboot.pojo;/** * @ClassName UserLogin * @Description TODO * @Author susu * @Date 2023/4/9 16:25 * @Version 1.0 */public class UserLogin { private String userAccount; private String userPwd; public String getUserAccount() { return userAccount; } public void setUserAccount(String userAccount) { this.userAccount = userAccount; } public String getUserPwd() { return userPwd; } public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) { this.userPwd = userPwd; } @Override public String toString() { return "UserLogin{" + "userAccount='" + userAccount + '\'' + ", userPwd='" + userPwd + '\'' + '}'; }}
UserLoginDTO (本质也是实体类,这里使用的原因是:数据库三个字段,实体类pojo中只有两个,无法映射,所以根据数据表添加一个三个属性的实体类DTO接收查询结果)
package com.susu.testsimplespringboot.DTO;/** * @ClassName UserLoginDTO * @Description TODO * @Author susu * @Date 2023/4/9 16:49 * @Version 1.0 */public class UserLoginDTO { private int userNo; private String userAccount; private String userPwd; public int getUserNo() { return userNo; } public void setUserNo(int userNo) { this.userNo = userNo; } public String getUserAccount() { return userAccount; } public void setUserAccount(String userAccount) { this.userAccount = userAccount; } public String getUserPwd() { return userPwd; } public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) { this.userPwd = userPwd; }}
(4)mapper接口
package com.susu.testsimplespringboot.mapper;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.DTO.UserLoginDTO;import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;/** * @ClassName UserMapper * @Description TODO * @Author susu * @Date 2023/4/9 16:27 * @Version 1.0 */@Mapperpublic interface UserMapper { public abstract UserLoginDTO selectUserInfo(String userAccount, String userPwd);}
(5)mapper映射文件(这个文件可以设置成idea自动提示的模板,避免每次都要自己写,方法如下图)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" ><mapper namespace="com.susu.testsimplespringboot.mapper.UserMapper"> <!--验证用户账号和密码--> <select id="selectUserInfo" parameterType="String" resultType="com.susu.testsimplespringboot.DTO.UserLoginDTO"> SELECT * FROM userLogin WHERE userAccount = #{userAccount} AND userPwd = #{userPwd}; </select></mapper>
注意!!!
namespace、id的属性值
namespace:mapper接口名;
id:mapper接口中抽象方法的名字
mybatis映射文件的一些技术点可参考下面的博文
https://blog.csdn.net/zxdspaopao/article/details/112919320
(6)service接口
package com.susu.testsimplespringboot.service;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.pojo.UserLogin;/** * @ClassName UserService * @Description TODO * @Author susu * @Date 2023/4/9 16:27 * @Version 1.0 */public interface UserService { public abstract UserLogin loginCheck(String userAccount, String userPwd);}
(6)service实现类
package com.susu.testsimplespringboot.serviceImpl;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.DTO.UserLoginDTO;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.service.UserService;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.mapper.UserMapper;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.pojo.UserLogin;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * @ClassName UserServiceImpl * @Description TODO * @Author susu * @Date 2023/4/9 16:37 * @Version 1.0 */@Servicepublic class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired UserMapper userMapper; @Override public UserLogin loginCheck(String userAccount, String userPwd) { UserLoginDTO userLoginDTO = userMapper.selectUserInfo(userAccount, userPwd); UserLogin userLogin = new UserLogin(); if (userLoginDTO != null) { userLogin.setUserAccount(userLoginDTO.getUserAccount()); userLogin.setUserPwd(userLoginDTO.getUserPwd()); } return userLogin; }}
(7)到此时,可以在测试类测试下Mapper层是否可以正常获取数据
package com.susu.testsimplespringboot;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.pojo.UserLogin;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.service.UserService;import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTestclass TestSimpleSpringBootApplicationTests { @Autowired UserService userService; @Test void contextLoads() { UserLogin userLogin = userService.loginCheck("huahua", "123"); System.out.println(userLogin); }}
(8)controller
package com.susu.testsimplespringboot.controller;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.DTO.UserLoginDTO;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.pojo.UserLogin;import com.susu.testsimplespringboot.service.UserService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;/** * @ClassName LoginController * @Description TODO * @Author susu * @Date 2023/4/9 16:27 * @Version 1.0 */@Controller//@ResponseBodypublic class LoginController { @Autowired UserService userService; /** * @param testGetStaticSource * @param index * @return */ @RequestMapping("{testGetStaticSource}/{index}") public String getStaticSource(@PathVariable String testGetStaticSource, @PathVariable String index) { return testGetStaticSource + "/" + index; } @GetMapping(value = "login") public String login() { return "login"; } @GetMapping(value = "loginIn") public String loginGet(String userAccount, String userPwd) { UserLogin user1 = userService.loginCheck(userAccount, userPwd); if (user1 != null) { return "success"; } else { return "error"; } } @PostMapping(value = "loginIn") public String loginPost(UserLoginDTO userLoginDTO) { UserLogin user1 = userService.loginCheck(userLoginDTO.getUserAccount(), userLoginDTO.getUserPwd()); if (user1 != null) { return "success"; } else { return "error"; } }}
注意:
1.@RequestMapping,任何请求方式都可以
2.@GetMapping,只能Get请求(前端请求方式如下所示)
3.@PostMapping,只能Post请求
3.1 用postman发送post请求参考博文
3.2前端json格式报文:
{"userAccount":"huahua","userPwd":"123"}
4.测试了获取templates文件下的静态资源
@RequestMapping("{testGetStaticSource}/{index}") public String getStaticSource(@PathVariable String testGetStaticSource, @PathVariable String index) { return testGetStaticSource + "/" + index; }
细节可以参考如下两篇博文
https://blog.csdn.net/zhuzicc/article/details/105465814#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_53106424/article/details/123502419
此处涉及springmvc的原理:
可以参考博文:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_53106424/article/details/115309018?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
(9)几个静态文件
9.1 login.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>login</title></head><body><form role="form" action="/loginIn" method="post"> 账号:<input type="text" id="userAccount" name="userAccount"><br> 密码:<input type="password" id="userPwd" name="userPwd"><br> <input type="submit" id="login" value="login"></form></body></html>
9.2 success.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>success</title></head><body><h1>登录成功</h1></body></html>
9.3 error.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>eoor</title></head><body><h1>登录失败</h1></body></html>
声明
本文内容仅代表作者观点,或转载于其他网站,本站不以此文作为商业用途
如有涉及侵权,请联系本站进行删除
转载本站原创文章,请注明来源及作者。