1、 总体功能分析

实用的图书馆管理系统应该至少包括一下功能：

1、上传：新进图书以及基本信息的输入

2、删除：旧图书以及基本信息的删除

3、显示：显示图书馆已有的所有图书

4、查找：查询要借阅的图书信息

5、借阅：实现用户办理借阅手续

6、归还：实现用户办理归还手续

系统以菜单方式工作使界面友好，易于操作。

2、建立相关属性

由于系统设计的是一些图书和读者的信息存储，因此，需要定义一个数据结构来存储相关信息。

首先需要建立一个图书类、图书数据库类、读者类以及读者数据库类，并定义图书和读者的各种属性。

<code>#include "iostream"

#include "string"

#include "conio.h"

using namespace std;

struct Date{ //日期结构

int m_nYear;//年

int m_nMonth;//月

int m_nDay;//日

};

struct Reader{ //读者结构

string name;//读者姓名

Date bro;//借出时间

Date back;//归还时间

};

struct Book{ //图书结构

int m_nBook_Number;//图书编号

string m_strTitle;//书名

string m_strWroter;//作者

int m_nMoreNum;//当前在图书馆数量

int m_nTotalHoldNum;//图书馆共计数量

string m_sttrComment;//图书介绍

Reader reader[20];

};

struct Info{ //借书信息结构

Info *m_pParentPoint;//前驱节点

Book *m_oBookInfo;//对应图书信息

Info *m_pNextPoint;//后继节点

};

3、图书馆菜单

程序开始运行，将显示选择菜单，供用户选择需要的功能，用户根据需要，输入不同的数字来选择相应功能。

int Select_Menu(){

//图书管理系统主界面

cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl << endl;

cout << " 图 书 馆 管 理 系 统 " << endl;

cout << " 主 菜 单 " << endl << endl;

cout << " 1.上传图书" << endl;

cout << " 2.下架图书" << endl;

cout << " 3.显示图书" << endl;

cout << " 4.借阅图书" << endl;

cout << " 5.归还图书" << endl;

cout << " 6.退出系统" << endl << endl;

cout << " 请选择菜单项：（1-6）" << endl;

cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;

int id = 0;//编号

cout << "请输入您的选择：";

cin >> id;

return id;

}

4、图书上传

将图书信息添加到图书馆中

Book *InputNode(){

//上传图书

Book *p = new Book;//动态分配一片大小为sizeof(Book)字节的空间，并将该内存空间的起始位置赋值给p

system("cls");//清屏

fflush(stdin);//清楚以前的输入

cout << "请输入图书编号："; cin >> p->;m_nBook_Number;

cout << "请输入图书："; cin >> p->m_strTitle;

cout << "请输入作者："; cin >> p->m_strWroter;

cout << "请输入当前在图书馆数量："; cin >> p->m_nMoreNum;

cout << "请输入图书馆共计数量："; cin >> p->m_nTotalHoldNum;

cout << "请输入图书介绍："; cin >> p->m_sttrComment;

for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++){ //初始化书本结构成员中相关读者指针内容为空

(p->reader[i]).name = '\0';

}

return p;//返回成功读入的书本信息

}

Info *Insert_BookInfo(Info *bth){

//上传图书

int flag, k, x;

cout << "请输入您想上传的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找

cin >> x;

Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);

if(flag == 1){ //找到直接对已有的数量进行修改

cout << "当前图书馆内拥有这本书" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << "本，您想在增加一本" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << "书？(Y/N)" << endl;

char ch;

cin >> ch;

if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){

p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum++;

p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum++;

cout << "增加后图书馆内拥有这本书" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << "本，一共拥有" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << "本" << endl;

}

return bth;

}

//图书管内未找到这本图书编号

Book * r = InputNode();

if(bth == NULL){ //当bth指针为空时，需要对其进行单独处理，链表表头内存的分配

bth = new Info;

bth->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

bth->m_oBookInfo = r;

bth->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

}

else {

//说明存在头指针

p = bth;

while (p->m_pNextPoint != NULL)

p = p->m_pNextPoint;

Info *q = new Info;

q->m_oBookInfo = r;

q->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

q->m_pParentPoint = p;

p->m_pNextPoint = q;

}

return bth;

}

5、 删除图书

将图书信息从图书馆中删除

Info *Delete_BookInfo(Info * bth){

//删除图书

int flag, k, x;

cout << "请输入您想删除的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找

cin >> x;

Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);

if(flag == 0){ //为查找图书编号

cout << "图书馆内并没有这本书！！！" << endl;

return bth;

}

else{

if(p == NULL){ //确保当前操作是有效的，防止出现非法操作

cout << "查找错误" << endl;

return bth;

}

else {

cout << "你想删除的图书信息如下：" << endl;

cout << "图书编号：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number << endl;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

cout << "您确定删除吗？(Y/N)" << endl;

char ch;

cin >> ch;

if(ch == 'Y' || 'y'){

if(p->m_pNextPoint != NULL && p->m_pParentPoint != NULL){ //夹在链表中间的节点

Info *Left = p->m_pParentPoint;//将要删除节点的前驱节点指向赋值给前驱结点指针变量

Info *Right = p->m_pNextPoint;//将要删除节点的后继结点指向赋值给后继结点指针变量

Left->m_pNextPoint = Right;//将后继结点指针指向的地址作为前驱结点的后继域

Right->m_pParentPoint = Left;//将前驱结点指针指向的地址作为后继结点的前驱域

//释放空间

p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

delete p->m_oBookInfo;

p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;

delete p;

p = NULL;

return bth;

}

else if(p->m_pParentPoint == NULL){ //首结点的前驱为空，处理首结点删除操作

if(p->m_pNextPoint == NULL){ //说明只有一个结点

delete p->m_oBookInfo;

p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;

delete p;

p = NULL;

return bth;

}

bth = p->m_pNextPoint;

bth->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

delete p->m_oBookInfo;

p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;

delete p;

p = NULL;

return bth;

}

else if(p->m_pNextPoint == NULL){

Info *Left = p->m_pParentPoint;

Left->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

delete p->m_oBookInfo;

p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;

delete p;

p = NULL;

return bth;

}

}

}

}

}

6、 查找图书

根据输入的图书编号，是心啊图书的查找。

Info *Sreach(Info *bth, int x, int *k, int *flag){

//搜索图书

Info *p = bth;

*flag = 0;

while(p){

if(p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number == x){ //寻到相同的图书编号

*flag = 1;

return p;

}

else {

*flag = 0;

}

if(p->m_pNextPoint != NULL) {

p = p->m_pNextPoint;

}

else{

break;

}

}

return bth;

}

7、显示图书信息

显示图书馆中所有的图书信息。

void Output_BookInfo(Info * bth){

//输出图书信息

system("cls");

Info *p = bth;

while (p){

cout << "图书编号：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

p = p->m_pNextPoint;

}

}

8、图书借阅

根据输入的相关信息，实现借阅

void Borrow_TheBook(Info *bth){

//图书借出

system("cls");

int flag, k, x, i = 0;

cout << "请输入您想借阅的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找

cin >> x;

Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);

if(flag == 1){

Book *r = p->m_oBookInfo;

cout << "你想借阅的图书信息如下：" << endl;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

cout << "您确定借阅吗？(Y/N)" << endl;

char ch;

cin >> ch;

if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){

if(r->m_nMoreNum == 0) cout << "对不起，本书 已经全部借出···" << endl;

else{

system("cls");

for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)

if((r->reader[i]).name[0] == '\0') break;

cout << "请输入借阅者的姓名：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).name;

cout << "请输入借出日期：" << endl;

cout << "请输入借出年份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nYear;

cout << "请输入借出月份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nMonth;

cout << "请输入借出日：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nDay;

cout << "请输入归还日期：" << endl;

cout << "请输入归还年份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nYear;

cout << "请输入归还月份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nMonth;

cout << "请输入归还日：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nDay;

r->m_nMoreNum--;

cout << endl << "成功接到这本书" << endl;

}

}

}

}

9、图书归还

根据输入的图书编号归还图书。

void TurnBack_TheBook(Info *bth){

//图书归还

system("cls");

int flag, k, x, i = 0, j = 0;

cout << "请输入您想借阅的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找

cin >> x;

Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);

if(flag == 1){

Book *r = p->m_oBookInfo;

cout << "你想归还的图书信息如下：" << endl;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

cout << "您确定归还吗？(Y/N)" << endl;

char ch;

cin >> ch;

if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){

system("cls");

cout << "请输入借阅者的姓名：";

string nm;

cin >> nm;

for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)

if((r->reader[i]).name == nm) {

j = 1;

break;

}

if(j == 0) {

cout << "你未借阅过这本书" << endl;

return;

}

(r->reader[i]).name[0] = '\0';

r->m_nMoreNum++;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

}

}

else cout << "您不能归还不存在的图书" << endl;

}

10、完整代码

#include "iostream"

#include "string"

#include "conio.h"

using namespace std;

struct Date{ //日期结构

int m_nYear;//年

int m_nMonth;//月

int m_nDay;//日

};

struct Reader{ //读者结构

string name;//读者姓名

Date bro;//借出时间

Date back;//归还时间

};

struct Book{ //图书结构

int m_nBook_Number;//图书编号

string m_strTitle;//书名

string m_strWroter;//作者

int m_nMoreNum;//当前在图书馆数量

int m_nTotalHoldNum;//图书馆共计数量

string m_sttrComment;//图书介绍

Reader reader[20];

};

struct Info{ //借书信息结构

Info *m_pParentPoint;//前驱节点

Book *m_oBookInfo;//对应图书信息

Info *m_pNextPoint;//后继节点

};

Book *InputNode(){

//上传图书

Book *p = new Book;//动态分配一片大小为sizeof(Book)字节的空间，并将该内存空间的起始位置赋值给p

system("cls");//清屏

fflush(stdin);//清楚以前的输入

cout << "请输入图书编号："; cin >> p->m_nBook_Number;

cout << "请输入图书："; cin >> p->m_strTitle;

cout << "请输入作者："; cin >> p->m_strWroter;

cout << "请输入当前在图书馆数量："; cin >> p->m_nMoreNum;

cout << "请输入图书馆共计数量："; cin >> p->m_nTotalHoldNum;

cout << "请输入图书介绍："; cin >> p->m_sttrComment;

for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++){ //初始化书本结构成员中相关读者指针内容为空

(p->reader[i]).name = '\0';

}

return p;//返回成功读入的书本信息

}

Info *Sreach(Info *bth, int x, int *k, int *flag){

//搜索图书

Info *p = bth;

*flag = 0;

while(p){

if(p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number == x){ //寻到相同的图书编号

*flag = 1;

return p;

}

else {

*flag = 0;

}

if(p->m_pNextPoint != NULL) {

p = p->m_pNextPoint;

}

else{

break;

}

}

return bth;

}

Info *Insert_BookInfo(Info *bth){

//上传图书

int flag, k, x;

cout << "请输入您想上传的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找

cin >> x;

Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);

if(flag == 1){ //找到直接对已有的数量进行修改

cout << "当前图书馆内拥有这本书" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << "本，您想在增加一本" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << "书？(Y/N)" << endl;

char ch;

cin >> ch;

if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){

p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum++;

p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum++;

cout << "增加后图书馆内拥有这本书" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << "本，一共拥有" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << "本" << endl;

}

return bth;

}

//图书管内未找到这本图书编号

Book * r = InputNode();

if(bth == NULL){ //当bth指针为空时，需要对其进行单独处理，链表表头内存的分配

bth = new Info;

bth->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

bth->m_oBookInfo = r;

bth->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

}

else {

//说明存在头指针

p = bth;

while (p->m_pNextPoint != NULL)

p = p->m_pNextPoint;

Info *q = new Info;

q->m_oBookInfo = r;

q->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

q->m_pParentPoint = p;

p->m_pNextPoint = q;

}

return bth;

}

Info *Delete_BookInfo(Info * bth){

//删除图书

int flag, k, x;

cout << "请输入您想删除的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找

cin >> x;

Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);

if(flag == 0){ //为查找图书编号

cout << "图书馆内并没有这本书！！！" << endl;

return bth;

}

else{

if(p == NULL){ //确保当前操作是有效的，防止出现非法操作

cout << "查找错误" << endl;

return bth;

}

else {

cout << "你想删除的图书信息如下：" << endl;

cout << "图书编号：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number << endl;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

cout << "您确定删除吗？(Y/N)" << endl;

char ch;

cin >> ch;

if(ch == 'Y' || 'y'){

if(p->m_pNextPoint != NULL && p->m_pParentPoint != NULL){ //夹在链表中间的节点

Info *Left = p->m_pParentPoint;//将要删除节点的前驱节点指向赋值给前驱结点指针变量

Info *Right = p->m_pNextPoint;//将要删除节点的后继结点指向赋值给后继结点指针变量

Left->m_pNextPoint = Right;//将后继结点指针指向的地址作为前驱结点的后继域

Right->m_pParentPoint = Left;//将前驱结点指针指向的地址作为后继结点的前驱域

//释放空间

p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

delete p->m_oBookInfo;

p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;

delete p;

p = NULL;

return bth;

}

else if(p->m_pParentPoint == NULL){ //首结点的前驱为空，处理首结点删除操作

if(p->m_pNextPoint == NULL){ //说明只有一个结点

delete p->m_oBookInfo;

p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;

delete p;

p = NULL;

return bth;

}

bth = p->m_pNextPoint;

bth->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

delete p->m_oBookInfo;

p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;

delete p;

p = NULL;

return bth;

}

else if(p->m_pNextPoint == NULL){

Info *Left = p->m_pParentPoint;

Left->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;

p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;

delete p->m_oBookInfo;

p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;

delete p;

p = NULL;

return bth;

}

}

}

}

}

void Output_BookInfo(Info * bth){

//输出图书信息

system("cls");

Info *p = bth;

while (p){

cout << "图书编号：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

p = p->m_pNextPoint;

}

}

void Borrow_TheBook(Info *bth){

//图书借出

system("cls");

int flag, k, x, i = 0;

cout << "请输入您想借阅的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找

cin >> x;

Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);

if(flag == 1){

Book *r = p->m_oBookInfo;

cout << "你想借阅的图书信息如下：" << endl;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

cout << "您确定借阅吗？(Y/N)" << endl;

char ch;

cin >> ch;

if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){

if(r->m_nMoreNum == 0) cout << "对不起，本书 已经全部借出···" << endl;

else{

system("cls");

for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)

if((r->reader[i]).name[0] == '\0') break;

cout << "请输入借阅者的姓名：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).name;

cout << "请输入借出日期：" << endl;

cout << "请输入借出年份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nYear;

cout << "请输入借出月份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nMonth;

cout << "请输入借出日：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nDay;

cout << "请输入归还日期：" << endl;

cout << "请输入归还年份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nYear;

cout << "请输入归还月份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nMonth;

cout << "请输入归还日：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nDay;

r->m_nMoreNum--;

cout << endl << "成功接到这本书" << endl;

}

}

}

}

void TurnBack_TheBook(Info *bth){

//图书归还

system("cls");

int flag, k, x, i = 0, j = 0;

cout << "请输入您想借阅的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找

cin >> x;

Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);

if(flag == 1){

Book *r = p->m_oBookInfo;

cout << "你想归还的图书信息如下：" << endl;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

cout << "您确定归还吗？(Y/N)" << endl;

char ch;

cin >> ch;

if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){

system("cls");

cout << "请输入借阅者的姓名：";

string nm;

cin >> nm;

for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)

if((r->reader[i]).name == nm) {

j = 1;

break;

}

if(j == 0) {

cout << "你未借阅过这本书" << endl;

return;

}

(r->reader[i]).name[0] = '\0';

r->m_nMoreNum++;

cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;

cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;

cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;

cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;

cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;

}

}

else cout << "您不能归还不存在的图书" << endl;

}

int Select_Menu(){

//图书管理系统主界面

cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl << endl;

cout << " 图 书 馆 管 理 系 统 " << endl;

cout << " 主 菜 单 " << endl << endl;

cout << " 1.上传图书" << endl;

cout << " 2.下架图书" << endl;

cout << " 3.显示图书" << endl;

cout << " 4.借阅图书" << endl;

cout << " 5.归还图书" << endl;

cout << " 6.退出系统" << endl << endl;

cout << " 请选择菜单项：（1-6）" << endl;

cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;

int id = 0;//编号

cout << "请输入您的选择：";

cin >> id;

return id;

}

int main(){

Info *bth = NULL;

while(true){

int id = Select_Menu();

switch (id) {

case 1:

bth = Insert_BookInfo(bth);

break;

case 2:

bth = Delete_BookInfo(bth);

break;

case 3:

Output_BookInfo(bth);

break;

case 4:

Borrow_TheBook(bth);

break;

case 5:

TurnBack_TheBook(bth);

break;

case 6:

system("cls");

cout << "您确定要退出系统（Y/N）";

char t;

cin >> t;

if(t == 'y' || t == 'Y') exit(0);

break;

}

cout << "按任意键返回主菜单.......";

}

}