Java Sort 方法的使用(包含Arrays.sort(),Collections.sort()以及Comparable,Comparator的使用 )

IYF.星辰 2024-07-29 09:35:03 阅读 83

目录

Comparable && Comparator的使用:

Comparable:

Comparator:

Arrays.sort()的使用:

升序排序:

 降序排序:

 自定义排序方法:


在日常的刷题或开发中,很多时候我们需要对数据进行排序,以达到我们的预期效果的作用。那么这些排序方法具体怎么实现和使用呢?本文就来好好缕一缕,总结一下这些方法:

Comparable && Comparator的使用:

Comparable:

当我们对类中的对象进行比较时,要保证对象时可比较的,这时我们就需要用到Comparable 或 Comparator接口,然后重写里面的compareTo()方法。假设我们有一个学生类,默认需要按照学生的年龄age排序,具体实现如下:

<code>class Student implements Comparable<Student>{

private int id;

private int age;

private String name;

public Student(int id, int age, String name) {

this.id = id;

this.age = age;

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public int compareTo(Student o) {

//降序

//return o.age - this.age;

//升序

return this.age - o.age;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Student{" +

"id=" + id +

", age=" + age +

", name='" + name + '\'' +code>

'}';

}

}

这里说一下  public int compareTo(Student o) 方法,它返回三种 int 类型的值: 负整数 ,正整数:

返回值 含义
正整数 当前对象的值 > 比较对象的值,升序排序
当前对象的值  比较对象的值,不变
负整数 当前对象的值 < 比较对象的值,降序排序

测试:

<code>public class SortTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add(new Student(103,25,"关羽"));

list.add(new Student(104,21,"张飞"));

list.add(new Student(108,18,"刘备"));

list.add(new Student(101,32,"袁绍"));

list.add(new Student(109,36,"赵云"));

list.add(new Student(103,16,"曹操"));

System.out.println("排序前:");

for(Student student : list){

System.out.println(student.toString());

}

System.out.println("默认排序后:");

Collections.sort(list);

for(Student student : list){

System.out.println(student.toString());

}

}

}

运行结果:

排序前:

Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'}code>

Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'}code>

Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'}code>

Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'}code>

Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'}code>

Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'}code>

默认排序后:

Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'}code>

Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'}code>

Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'}code>

Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'}code>

Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'}code>

Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'}code>

Comparator:

Comparator的两种使用方法:

Collections.sort(list,Comparator<T>);list.sort(Comparator<T>);

这个时候需求又来了,默认是用 age 排序,但是有的时候需要用 id 来排序怎么办? 这个时候比较器 :Comparator 就排上用场了:

//自定义排序:使用匿名内部类,实现Comparator接口,重写compare方法

Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Student>() {

@Override

public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {

return o1.getId() - o2.getId();

}

});

//自定义排序2

list.sort(new Comparator<Student>() {

@Override

public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {

return o1.getId() - o2.getId();

}

});

compare(Student o1, Student o2) 方法的返回值跟 Comparable<> 接口的 compareTo(Student o) 方法返回值意思相同 

 运行结果:

自定义ID排序后:

Student{id=101, age=32, name='袁绍'}code>

Student{id=103, age=16, name='曹操'}code>

Student{id=103, age=25, name='关羽'}code>

Student{id=104, age=21, name='张飞'}code>

Student{id=108, age=18, name='刘备'}code>

Student{id=109, age=36, name='赵云'}code>

源码:

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Comparator;

import java.util.List;

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{

private int id;

private int age;

private String name;

public Student(int id, int age, String name) {

this.id = id;

this.age = age;

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public int compareTo(Student o) {

//降序

//return o.age - this.age;

//升序

return this.age - o.age;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Student{" +

"id=" + id +

", age=" + age +

", name='" + name + '\'' +code>

'}';

}

}

public class SortTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add(new Student(103,25,"关羽"));

list.add(new Student(104,21,"张飞"));

list.add(new Student(108,18,"刘备"));

list.add(new Student(101,32,"袁绍"));

list.add(new Student(109,36,"赵云"));

list.add(new Student(103,16,"曹操"));

System.out.println("排序前:");

for(Student student : list){

System.out.println(student.toString());

}

System.out.println("默认排序后:");

Collections.sort(list);

for(Student student : list){

System.out.println(student.toString());

}

//自定义排序:使用匿名内部类,实现Comparator接口,重写compare方法

Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Student>() {

@Override

public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {

return o1.getId() - o2.getId();

}

});

System.out.println("自定义ID排序后:");

for(Student student : list){

System.out.println(student.toString());

}

//自定义排序2

list.sort(new Comparator<Student>() {

@Override

public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {

return o1.getId() - o2.getId();

}

});

}

}

Arrays.sort()的使用:

升序排序:

1.正常排序一个数组:Arrays.sort(int [] a);

我们看一下源码:

public static void sort(int[] a) {

DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, 0, a.length - 1, null, 0, 0);

}

本质上还是用到了快排,同时默认时从小到大进行排序的,具体实现:

public static void main(String[] args) {

//1.Arrays.sort(int[] a) 默认从小到达排序

int[] a = new int[]{10,2,7,8,9,15,7};

System.out.println("默认时从小到大排序:");

Arrays.sort(a);

for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");

}

运行结果:

默认时从小到大排序:

2 7 7 8 9 10 15

 2.在一定区间内排序数组:Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)

->规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex,左闭右开

public static void main(String[] args) {

//2.Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)

//规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex

int[] a = new int[]{2,5,4,1,19,3,2};

Arrays.sort(a,1,4);

for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");

}

 降序排序:

实现方法:Collections.reverseOrder()

public static <T> void sort(T[] a,int fromIndex, int toIndex, Comparator<? super T> c)

要实现降序排序,得通过包装类型的数组来实现,基本数据类型数组是不行的:

正确用法:

<code> //2.java自带的Collections.reverseOrder() 降序排序数组

System.out.println("java自带的Collections.reverseOrder():");

Integer[] integers = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};

Arrays.sort(integers, Collections.reverseOrder());

for (Integer integer : integers) System.out.print(integer + " ");

 运行结果:

java自带的Collections.reverseOrder():

293 64 56 35 24 10

 自定义排序方法:

自定义排序方法,需要实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法

//3.自定义排序方法,实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法

Integer[] integers2 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};

Arrays.sort(integers2, new Comparator<Integer>() {

@Override

public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {

return o2.compareTo(o1);

}

});

System.out.println("自定义排序方法:");

for (int x : integers2) System.out.print(x + " ");

运行结果:

自定义排序方法:

293 64 56 35 24 10

 同时,我们可以用lambda表达是简化书写:

//4.lambda表达式简化书写

Integer[] integers3 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};

Arrays.sort(integers3, (o1, o2) -> {

return o2 - o1;

});

System.out.println("lambda表达式简化书写:");

for (int x : integers3) System.out.print(x + " ");

运行结果:

lambda表达式简化书写:

293 64 56 35 24 10

源码:

import java.util.*;

public class sortTest {

public static void main1(String[] args) {

//1.Arrays.sort(int[] a) 默认从小到达排序

int[] a = new int[]{10,2,7,8,9,15,7};

System.out.println("默认时从小到大排序:");

Arrays.sort(a);

for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");

}

public static void main2(String[] args) {

//2.Arrays.sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)

//规则为从fromIndex<= a数组 <toIndex

int[] a = new int[]{2,5,4,1,19,3,2};

Arrays.sort(a,1,4);

for(int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");

}

public static void main3(String[] args) {

/* //1.实现降序排序,基本的数据类型数组是不行的

int[] a = new int[]{10,293,35,24,64,56};

Arrays.sort(a,Collections.reverseOrder());

for(int x : a) System.out.println(x + " ");*/

//2.java自带的Collections.reverseOrder() 降序排序数组

System.out.println("java自带的Collections.reverseOrder():");

Integer[] integers = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};

Arrays.sort(integers, Collections.reverseOrder());

for (Integer integer : integers) System.out.print(integer + " ");

System.out.println();

System.out.println("===================================");

//3.自定义排序方法,实现java.util.Comparetor 接口中的compare方法

Integer[] integers2 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};

Arrays.sort(integers2, new Comparator<Integer>() {

@Override

public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {

return o2.compareTo(o1);

}

});

System.out.println("自定义排序方法:");

for (int x : integers2) System.out.print(x + " ");

System.out.println();

System.out.println("===================================");

//4.lambda表达式简化书写

Integer[] integers3 = new Integer[]{10, 293, 35, 24, 64, 56};

Arrays.sort(integers3, (o1, o2) -> {

return o2 - o1;

});

System.out.println("lambda表达式简化书写:");

for (int x : integers3) System.out.print(x + " ");

}

}

 补充,二维数组的排序:通过实现Comparator接口来自定义排序二维数组,以下面为例:

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Comparator;

class Cmp implements Comparator<int[]>{

@Override

public int compare(int[] o1, int[] o2) {

return o1[0] - o2[0];

}

}

public class Sort {

public static void main123(String[] args) {

int[][] res = new int[][]{

{3,6,7,8},

{2,3,65,7},

{1,4,5,78},

{6,1,2,4}

};

//自定义排序二维数组,这里是按照每行第一个数字进行排序

Arrays.sort(res,new Cmp());

for(int i = 0;i < res.length;i++){

for(int j = 0;j < res[0].length;j++){

System.out.print(res[i][j] + " ");

}

System.out.println();

}

}

}

运行结果:

好啦~本文到这里也是接近尾声了,希望有帮助到你,整理不易,希望多多三联支持呀~

结语: 写博客不仅仅是为了分享学习经历,同时这也有利于我巩固知识点,总结该知识点,由于作者水平有限,对文章有任何问题的还请指出,接受大家的批评,让我改进。同时也希望读者们不吝啬你们的点赞+收藏+关注,你们的鼓励是我创作的最大动力!



声明

本文内容仅代表作者观点,或转载于其他网站,本站不以此文作为商业用途
如有涉及侵权,请联系本站进行删除
转载本站原创文章,请注明来源及作者。