Tkinter标准库

Tkinter是Python的标准GUI库，也是最常用的Python GUI库之一，提供了丰富的组件和功能，包括窗口、按钮、标签、文本框、列表框、滚动条、画布、菜单等，方便开发者进行图形界面的开发。Tkinter库基于Tk for Unix/Windows/macOS，由Tcl语言编写。使用Tkinter，可以快速创建桌面应用程序，并支持多平台Windows、macOS、Linux等。

tkinter控件全集

在python中导入tkinter库后，有18种控件(也称组件)：

导入方式：import tkinter as tk

Button、Canvas、Checkbutton、Entry、Frame、Label、LabelFrame、Listbox、Menu、Menubutton、Message、OptionMenu、PanedWindow、Radiobutton、Scale、Scrollbar、Spinbox、Text

最学见的按钮、文本框、标签、列表框等都在里边，唯独没看到组合框ComboBox。查过资料后才知道，tkinter库中还有一子模块tkinter.ttk，它包含有包括Combobox在内的20种控件：

导入方式：from tkinter import ttk

Button、Checkbutton、Combobox、Entry、Frame、Label、LabelFrame、LabeledScale、Labelframe、Menubutton、Notebook、OptionMenu、PanedWindow、Progressbar、Radiobutton、Scale、Scrollbar、Separator、Sizegrip、Spinbox、Treeview

请注意，某些控件在两个模块中都存在（如Button, Checkbutton, Entry等），但它们在外观和行为上可能会有所不同，ttk模块中的控件可以提供更加现代和可定制的外观。以Button为例，都以简单的方式表达，运行后的外观和行为都有些不同。

        import tkinter as tk  

        from tkinter import ttk

        button1 = tk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=button_click)

        button2 = ttk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=button_click)

如图所示：

完整代码如下：

import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk def button_click(): print("Button clicked!") if __name__=='__main__': root = tk.Tk() root.title("Button vs ttk.Button") root.geometry("400x300") button1 = tk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=button_click) button1.pack(pady=60) button2 = ttk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=button_click) button2.pack(pady=20) root.mainloop()

以下将介绍今天的主角：ttk.Combobox 组合选择框。

ComboBox 组合选择框

ComboBox 将几个文本字段组合成为一个可弹出的选择列表。它的原版帮助有3万多字呢，以下挑一些主要的操作方法简单介绍一下：

创建并设置选择项

    values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"]

    combobox = ttk.Combobox(root, values=values)

    combobox.pack()

绑定事件ComboboxSelected

    combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select)

获取当前选择项combobox.get()

combobox.get()

以上插图的代码如下：

import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import ttkdef on_select(event): label.config(text = "当前选择为：" + combobox.get())if __name__=='__main__': # 创建主窗口 root = tk.Tk() root.title("Combobox Example") root.geometry("400x300") label = tk.Label(root, text="请点击下拉框选择：") label.pack() # 创建多选下拉框 values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"] combobox = ttk.Combobox(root, values=values) combobox.pack() combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select) # 运行主循环 root.mainloop()

设置当前显示项combobox.set()

combobox.set()

自定义类 SelectCombobox

把以上内容综合起来，自定义一个组合框类： 

import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import ttkclass SelectCombobox(ttk.Combobox): def __init__(self, master=None, values=None): super().__init__(master, values=values) self.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", self.on_select) def on_select(self, event): label.config(text = "当前选择为：" + self.get())if __name__=='__main__': # 创建主窗口 root = tk.Tk() root.title("Combobox Example") root.geometry("400x300") label = tk.Label(root, text="请点击下拉框选择：") label.pack() # 创建多选下拉框 values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"] combobox = SelectCombobox(root, values=values) combobox.pack() # 运行主循环 root.mainloop()

扩展Combobox组合框

拓展成多项选择

Combobox本身不支持多项选择，变通方法：引入一个列表，用于存放已选项，奇数次选择一个项则存入列表、反之偶数次选择则移除。

代码如下：

import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import ttkclass MultiSelectCombobox(ttk.Combobox): def __init__(self, master=None, values=None, **kwargs): super().__init__(master, values=values, **kwargs) self.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", self.on_select) self.selected_values = [] def on_select(self, event): selected_value = self.get() # 使用 get 方法获取选中项的值 if selected_value in self.selected_values: self.selected_values.remove(selected_value) # 如果已选中，则移除该选项 else: self.selected_values.append(selected_value) # 如果未选中，则添加到已选项列表 self.selected_values.sort() if self.selected_values: text = '、'.join(self.selected_values) else: text = '空' label2.config(text = "当前选择为：" + text)if __name__=='__main__': # 创建主窗口 root = tk.Tk() root.title("Multi-Select Combobox Example") root.geometry("400x300") label = tk.Label(root, text="请选择：") label.pack() # 创建多选下拉框 values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"] combobox = MultiSelectCombobox(root, values=values) combobox.pack() text = "当前选择为：空" label2 = tk.Label(root, text=text) label2.pack() # 运行主循环 root.mainloop()

选项前添加符号

Combobox本身不支持修改选择项，变通方法：在每次变更选项时都重建一个新的组合框，同时把所有的选项前都加上一个全角空格(\u3000)，对于已选中的选项，则把前面的全角空格替换成对勾符号(\u2713)。

这样子可能更像一个多项选择框，如下图：

代码如下：

import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import ttkdef on_select(event): selected_value = combobox.get() selected_value = selected_value.replace("\u2713","\u3000") if selected_value in selected_values: selected_values.remove(selected_value) else: selected_values.append(selected_value) selected_values.sort() if selected_values: text = '、'.join(selected_values).replace('tion ','') else: text = '空' label.config(text = "当前选择为：" + text) update_combobox_options()def update_combobox_options(): global combobox combobox.grid_forget() new_values = [] for v in values: if v in selected_values: new_values.append(v.replace("\u3000","\u2713")) else: new_values.append(v) combobox = ttk.Combobox(root, values=new_values, state='readonly') combobox.place(x=100, y=30) combobox.set('请点击选择：') combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select)if __name__=='__main__': # 创建主窗口 root = tk.Tk() root.title("Multi-Select Combobox Example") root.geometry("400x300") # 创建多选下拉框 values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"] values = ["\u3000"+v for v in values] selected_values = [] combobox = ttk.Combobox(root, values=values, state='readonly') combobox.place(x=100, y=30) combobox.set('请点击选择：') combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select) text = "当前选择为：空" label = tk.Label(root, text=text) label.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM) # 运行主循环 root.mainloop()

题外话

以上这些是我自己瞎写的变通代码，可能有更好的办法来实现这些功能，也有可能ttk模块本身就有这些功能，只是我没发现而已。另外：如果选择项不至是四个而是有很多，最好能在最前面设置两个选项，全部选择和取消全选，它们不参与进入已选项列表，点击它们只为在其它选项上标注对勾同时填满或清空已选项列表。感兴趣的朋友，可以自己动手实现这两个功能。

附件一

Combobox 英文帮助

Help on class Combobox in module tkinter.ttk:

class Combobox(Entry)

 |  Combobox(master=None, **kw)

 |  

 |  Ttk Combobox widget combines a text field with a pop-down list of values.

 |  

 |  Method resolution order:

 |      Combobox

 |      Entry

 |      Widget

 |      tkinter.Entry

 |      tkinter.Widget

 |      tkinter.BaseWidget

 |      tkinter.Misc

 |      tkinter.Pack

 |      tkinter.Place

 |      tkinter.Grid

 |      tkinter.XView

 |      builtins.object

 |  

 |  Methods defined here:

 |  

 |  __init__(self, master=None, **kw)

 |      Construct a Ttk Combobox widget with the parent master.

 |      

 |      STANDARD OPTIONS

 |      

 |          class, cursor, style, takefocus

 |      

 |      WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS

 |      

 |          exportselection, justify, height, postcommand, state,

 |          textvariable, values, width

 |  

 |  current(self, newindex=None)

 |      If newindex is supplied, sets the combobox value to the

 |      element at position newindex in the list of values. Otherwise,

 |      returns the index of the current value in the list of values

 |      or -1 if the current value does not appear in the list.

 |  

 |  set(self, value)

 |      Sets the value of the combobox to value.

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from Entry:

 |  

 |  bbox(self, index)

 |      Return a tuple of (x, y, width, height) which describes the

 |      bounding box of the character given by index.

 |  

 |  identify(self, x, y)

 |      Returns the name of the element at position x, y, or the

 |      empty string if the coordinates are outside the window.

 |  

 |  validate(self)

 |      Force revalidation, independent of the conditions specified

 |      by the validate option. Returns False if validation fails, True

 |      if it succeeds. Sets or clears the invalid state accordingly.

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from Widget:

 |  

 |  instate(self, statespec, callback=None, *args, **kw)

 |      Test the widget's state.

 |      

 |      If callback is not specified, returns True if the widget state

 |      matches statespec and False otherwise. If callback is specified,

 |      then it will be invoked with *args, **kw if the widget state

 |      matches statespec. statespec is expected to be a sequence.

 |  

 |  state(self, statespec=None)

 |      Modify or inquire widget state.

 |      

 |      Widget state is returned if statespec is None, otherwise it is

 |      set according to the statespec flags and then a new state spec

 |      is returned indicating which flags were changed. statespec is

 |      expected to be a sequence.

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from tkinter.Entry:

 |  

 |  delete(self, first, last=None)

 |      Delete text from FIRST to LAST (not included).

 |  

 |  get(self)

 |      Return the text.

 |  

 |  icursor(self, index)

 |      Insert cursor at INDEX.

 |  

 |  index(self, index)

 |      Return position of cursor.

 |  

 |  insert(self, index, string)

 |      Insert STRING at INDEX.

 |  

 |  scan_dragto(self, x)

 |      Adjust the view of the canvas to 10 times the

 |      difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in

 |      scan_mark.

 |  

 |  scan_mark(self, x)

 |      Remember the current X, Y coordinates.

 |  

 |  select_adjust = selection_adjust(self, index)

 |  

 |  select_clear = selection_clear(self)

 |  

 |  select_from = selection_from(self, index)

 |  

 |  select_present = selection_present(self)

 |  

 |  select_range = selection_range(self, start, end)

 |  

 |  select_to = selection_to(self, index)

 |  

 |  selection_adjust(self, index)

 |      Adjust the end of the selection near the cursor to INDEX.

 |  

 |  selection_clear(self)

 |      Clear the selection if it is in this widget.

 |  

 |  selection_from(self, index)

 |      Set the fixed end of a selection to INDEX.

 |  

 |  selection_present(self)

 |      Return True if there are characters selected in the entry, False

 |      otherwise.

 |  

 |  selection_range(self, start, end)

 |      Set the selection from START to END (not included).

 |  

 |  selection_to(self, index)

 |      Set the variable end of a selection to INDEX.

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from tkinter.BaseWidget:

 |  

 |  destroy(self)

 |      Destroy this and all descendants widgets.

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from tkinter.Misc:

 |  

 |  __getitem__ = cget(self, key)

 |  

 |  __repr__(self)

 |      Return repr(self).

 |  

 |  __setitem__(self, key, value)

 |  

 |  __str__(self)

 |      Return the window path name of this widget.

 |  

 |  after(self, ms, func=None, *args)

 |      Call function once after given time.

 |      

 |      MS specifies the time in milliseconds. FUNC gives the

 |      function which shall be called. Additional parameters

 |      are given as parameters to the function call.  Return

 |      identifier to cancel scheduling with after_cancel.

 |  

 |  after_cancel(self, id)

 |      Cancel scheduling of function identified with ID.

 |      

 |      Identifier returned by after or after_idle must be

 |      given as first parameter.

 |  

 |  after_idle(self, func, *args)

 |      Call FUNC once if the Tcl main loop has no event to

 |      process.

 |      

 |      Return an identifier to cancel the scheduling with

 |      after_cancel.

 |  

 |  anchor = grid_anchor(self, anchor=None)

 |  

 |  bell(self, displayof=0)

 |      Ring a display's bell.

 |  

 |  bind(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None)

 |      Bind to this widget at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.

 |      

 |      SEQUENCE is a string of concatenated event

 |      patterns. An event pattern is of the form

 |      <MODIFIER-MODIFIER-TYPE-DETAIL> where MODIFIER is one

 |      of Control, Mod2, M2, Shift, Mod3, M3, Lock, Mod4, M4,

 |      Button1, B1, Mod5, M5 Button2, B2, Meta, M, Button3,

 |      B3, Alt, Button4, B4, Double, Button5, B5 Triple,

 |      Mod1, M1. TYPE is one of Activate, Enter, Map,

 |      ButtonPress, Button, Expose, Motion, ButtonRelease

 |      FocusIn, MouseWheel, Circulate, FocusOut, Property,

 |      Colormap, Gravity Reparent, Configure, KeyPress, Key,

 |      Unmap, Deactivate, KeyRelease Visibility, Destroy,

 |      Leave and DETAIL is the button number for ButtonPress,

 |      ButtonRelease and DETAIL is the Keysym for KeyPress and

 |      KeyRelease. Examples are

 |      <Control-Button-1> for pressing Control and mouse button 1 or

 |      <Alt-A> for pressing A and the Alt key (KeyPress can be omitted).

 |      An event pattern can also be a virtual event of the form

 |      <<AString>> where AString can be arbitrary. This

 |      event can be generated by event_generate.

 |      If events are concatenated they must appear shortly

 |      after each other.

 |      

 |      FUNC will be called if the event sequence occurs with an

 |      instance of Event as argument. If the return value of FUNC is

 |      "break" no further bound function is invoked.

 |      

 |      An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will

 |      be called additionally to the other bound function or whether

 |      it will replace the previous function.

 |      

 |      Bind will return an identifier to allow deletion of the bound function with

 |      unbind without memory leak.

 |      

 |      If FUNC or SEQUENCE is omitted the bound function or list

 |      of bound events are returned.

 |  

 |  bind_all(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None)

 |      Bind to all widgets at an event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.

 |      An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will

 |      be called additionally to the other bound function or whether

 |      it will replace the previous function. See bind for the return value.

 |  

 |  bind_class(self, className, sequence=None, func=None, add=None)

 |      Bind to widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME at event

 |      SEQUENCE a call of function FUNC. An additional

 |      boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be

 |      called additionally to the other bound function or

 |      whether it will replace the previous function. See bind for

 |      the return value.

 |  

 |  bindtags(self, tagList=None)

 |      Set or get the list of bindtags for this widget.

 |      

 |      With no argument return the list of all bindtags associated with

 |      this widget. With a list of strings as argument the bindtags are

 |      set to this list. The bindtags determine in which order events are

 |      processed (see bind).

 |  

 |  cget(self, key)

 |      Return the resource value for a KEY given as string.

 |  

 |  clipboard_append(self, string, **kw)

 |      Append STRING to the Tk clipboard.

 |      

 |      A widget specified at the optional displayof keyword

 |      argument specifies the target display. The clipboard

 |      can be retrieved with selection_get.

 |  

 |  clipboard_clear(self, **kw)

 |      Clear the data in the Tk clipboard.

 |      

 |      A widget specified for the optional displayof keyword

 |      argument specifies the target display.

 |  

 |  clipboard_get(self, **kw)

 |      Retrieve data from the clipboard on window's display.

 |      

 |      The window keyword defaults to the root window of the Tkinter

 |      application.

 |      

 |      The type keyword specifies the form in which the data is

 |      to be returned and should be an atom name such as STRING

 |      or FILE_NAME.  Type defaults to STRING, except on X11, where the default

 |      is to try UTF8_STRING and fall back to STRING.

 |      

 |      This command is equivalent to:

 |      

 |      selection_get(CLIPBOARD)

 |  

 |  columnconfigure = grid_columnconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw)

 |  

 |  config = configure(self, cnf=None, **kw)

 |  

 |  configure(self, cnf=None, **kw)

 |      Configure resources of a widget.

 |      

 |      The values for resources are specified as keyword

 |      arguments. To get an overview about

 |      the allowed keyword arguments call the method keys.

 |  

 |  deletecommand(self, name)

 |      Internal function.

 |      

 |      Delete the Tcl command provided in NAME.

 |  

 |  event_add(self, virtual, *sequences)

 |      Bind a virtual event VIRTUAL (of the form <<Name>>)

 |      to an event SEQUENCE such that the virtual event is triggered

 |      whenever SEQUENCE occurs.

 |  

 |  event_delete(self, virtual, *sequences)

 |      Unbind a virtual event VIRTUAL from SEQUENCE.

 |  

 |  event_generate(self, sequence, **kw)

 |      Generate an event SEQUENCE. Additional

 |      keyword arguments specify parameter of the event

 |      (e.g. x, y, rootx, rooty).

 |  

 |  event_info(self, virtual=None)

 |      Return a list of all virtual events or the information

 |      about the SEQUENCE bound to the virtual event VIRTUAL.

 |  

 |  focus = focus_set(self)

 |  

 |  focus_displayof(self)

 |      Return the widget which has currently the focus on the

 |      display where this widget is located.

 |      

 |      Return None if the application does not have the focus.

 |  

 |  focus_force(self)

 |      Direct input focus to this widget even if the

 |      application does not have the focus. Use with

 |      caution!

 |  

 |  focus_get(self)

 |      Return the widget which has currently the focus in the

 |      application.

 |      

 |      Use focus_displayof to allow working with several

 |      displays. Return None if application does not have

 |      the focus.

 |  

 |  focus_lastfor(self)

 |      Return the widget which would have the focus if top level

 |      for this widget gets the focus from the window manager.

 |  

 |  focus_set(self)

 |      Direct input focus to this widget.

 |      

 |      If the application currently does not have the focus

 |      this widget will get the focus if the application gets

 |      the focus through the window manager.

 |  

 |  getboolean(self, s)

 |      Return a boolean value for Tcl boolean values true and false given as parameter.

 |  

 |  getdouble(self, s)

 |  

 |  getint(self, s)

 |  

 |  getvar(self, name='PY_VAR')

 |      Return value of Tcl variable NAME.

 |  

 |  grab_current(self)

 |      Return widget which has currently the grab in this application

 |      or None.

 |  

 |  grab_release(self)

 |      Release grab for this widget if currently set.

 |  

 |  grab_set(self)

 |      Set grab for this widget.

 |      

 |      A grab directs all events to this and descendant

 |      widgets in the application.

 |  

 |  grab_set_global(self)

 |      Set global grab for this widget.

 |      

 |      A global grab directs all events to this and

 |      descendant widgets on the display. Use with caution -

 |      other applications do not get events anymore.

 |  

 |  grab_status(self)

 |      Return None, "local" or "global" if this widget has

 |      no, a local or a global grab.

 |  

 |  grid_anchor(self, anchor=None)

 |      The anchor value controls how to place the grid within the

 |      master when no row/column has any weight.

 |      

 |      The default anchor is nw.

 |  

 |  grid_bbox(self, column=None, row=None, col2=None, row2=None)

 |      Return a tuple of integer coordinates for the bounding

 |      box of this widget controlled by the geometry manager grid.

 |      

 |      If COLUMN, ROW is given the bounding box applies from

 |      the cell with row and column 0 to the specified

 |      cell. If COL2 and ROW2 are given the bounding box

 |      starts at that cell.

 |      

 |      The returned integers specify the offset of the upper left

 |      corner in the master widget and the width and height.

 |  

 |  grid_columnconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw)

 |      Configure column INDEX of a grid.

 |      

 |      Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the column),

 |      weight (how much does additional space propagate to this column)

 |      and pad (how much space to let additionally).

 |  

 |  grid_location(self, x, y)

 |      Return a tuple of column and row which identify the cell

 |      at which the pixel at position X and Y inside the master

 |      widget is located.

 |  

 |  grid_propagate(self, flag=['_noarg_'])

 |      Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.

 |      

 |      A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information

 |      of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument

 |      is given, the current setting will be returned.

 |  

 |  grid_rowconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw)

 |      Configure row INDEX of a grid.

 |      

 |      Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the row),

 |      weight (how much does additional space propagate to this row)

 |      and pad (how much space to let additionally).

 |  

 |  grid_size(self)

 |      Return a tuple of the number of column and rows in the grid.

 |  

 |  grid_slaves(self, row=None, column=None)

 |      Return a list of all slaves of this widget

 |      in its packing order.

 |  

 |  image_names(self)

 |      Return a list of all existing image names.

 |  

 |  image_types(self)

 |      Return a list of all available image types (e.g. photo bitmap).

 |  

 |  info_patchlevel(self)

 |      Returns the exact version of the Tcl library.

 |  

 |  keys(self)

 |      Return a list of all resource names of this widget.

 |  

 |  lift = tkraise(self, aboveThis=None)

 |  

 |  lower(self, belowThis=None)

 |      Lower this widget in the stacking order.

 |  

 |  mainloop(self, n=0)

 |      Call the mainloop of Tk.

 |  

 |  nametowidget(self, name)

 |      Return the Tkinter instance of a widget identified by

 |      its Tcl name NAME.

 |  

 |  option_add(self, pattern, value, priority=None)

 |      Set a VALUE (second parameter) for an option

 |      PATTERN (first parameter).

 |      

 |      An optional third parameter gives the numeric priority

 |      (defaults to 80).

 |  

 |  option_clear(self)

 |      Clear the option database.

 |      

 |      It will be reloaded if option_add is called.

 |  

 |  option_get(self, name, className)

 |      Return the value for an option NAME for this widget

 |      with CLASSNAME.

 |      

 |      Values with higher priority override lower values.

 |  

 |  option_readfile(self, fileName, priority=None)

 |      Read file FILENAME into the option database.

 |      

 |      An optional second parameter gives the numeric

 |      priority.

 |  

 |  pack_propagate(self, flag=['_noarg_'])

 |      Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.

 |      

 |      A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information

 |      of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument

 |      is given the current setting will be returned.

 |  

 |  pack_slaves(self)

 |      Return a list of all slaves of this widget

 |      in its packing order.

 |  

 |  place_slaves(self)

 |      Return a list of all slaves of this widget

 |      in its packing order.

 |  

 |  propagate = pack_propagate(self, flag=['_noarg_'])

 |  

 |  quit(self)

 |      Quit the Tcl interpreter. All widgets will be destroyed.

 |  

 |  register = _register(self, func, subst=None, needcleanup=1)

 |  

 |  rowconfigure = grid_rowconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw)

 |  

 |  selection_get(self, **kw)

 |      Return the contents of the current X selection.

 |      

 |      A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of

 |      the selection and defaults to PRIMARY.  A keyword

 |      parameter displayof specifies a widget on the display

 |      to use. A keyword parameter type specifies the form of data to be

 |      fetched, defaulting to STRING except on X11, where UTF8_STRING is tried

 |      before STRING.

 |  

 |  selection_handle(self, command, **kw)

 |      Specify a function COMMAND to call if the X

 |      selection owned by this widget is queried by another

 |      application.

 |      

 |      This function must return the contents of the

 |      selection. The function will be called with the

 |      arguments OFFSET and LENGTH which allows the chunking

 |      of very long selections. The following keyword

 |      parameters can be provided:

 |      selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),

 |      type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME).

 |  

 |  selection_own(self, **kw)

 |      Become owner of X selection.

 |      

 |      A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of

 |      the selection (default PRIMARY).

 |  

 |  selection_own_get(self, **kw)

 |      Return owner of X selection.

 |      

 |      The following keyword parameter can

 |      be provided:

 |      selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),

 |      type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME).

 |  

 |  send(self, interp, cmd, *args)

 |      Send Tcl command CMD to different interpreter INTERP to be executed.

 |  

 |  setvar(self, name='PY_VAR', value='1')

 |      Set Tcl variable NAME to VALUE.

 |  

 |  size = grid_size(self)

 |  

 |  slaves = pack_slaves(self)

 |  

 |  tk_bisque(self)

 |      Change the color scheme to light brown as used in Tk 3.6 and before.

 |  

 |  tk_focusFollowsMouse(self)

 |      The widget under mouse will get automatically focus. Can not

 |      be disabled easily.

 |  

 |  tk_focusNext(self)

 |      Return the next widget in the focus order which follows

 |      widget which has currently the focus.

 |      

 |      The focus order first goes to the next child, then to

 |      the children of the child recursively and then to the

 |      next sibling which is higher in the stacking order.  A

 |      widget is omitted if it has the takefocus resource set

 |      to 0.

 |  

 |  tk_focusPrev(self)

 |      Return previous widget in the focus order. See tk_focusNext for details.

 |  

 |  tk_setPalette(self, *args, **kw)

 |      Set a new color scheme for all widget elements.

 |      

 |      A single color as argument will cause that all colors of Tk

 |      widget elements are derived from this.

 |      Alternatively several keyword parameters and its associated

 |      colors can be given. The following keywords are valid:

 |      activeBackground, foreground, selectColor,

 |      activeForeground, highlightBackground, selectBackground,

 |      background, highlightColor, selectForeground,

 |      disabledForeground, insertBackground, troughColor.

 |  

 |  tk_strictMotif(self, boolean=None)

 |      Set Tcl internal variable, whether the look and feel

 |      should adhere to Motif.

 |      

 |      A parameter of 1 means adhere to Motif (e.g. no color

 |      change if mouse passes over slider).

 |      Returns the set value.

 |  

 |  tkraise(self, aboveThis=None)

 |      Raise this widget in the stacking order.

 |  

 |  unbind(self, sequence, funcid=None)

 |      Unbind for this widget for event SEQUENCE  the

 |      function identified with FUNCID.

 |  

 |  unbind_all(self, sequence)

 |      Unbind for all widgets for event SEQUENCE all functions.

 |  

 |  unbind_class(self, className, sequence)

 |      Unbind for all widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME for event SEQUENCE

 |      all functions.

 |  

 |  update(self)

 |      Enter event loop until all pending events have been processed by Tcl.

 |  

 |  update_idletasks(self)

 |      Enter event loop until all idle callbacks have been called. This

 |      will update the display of windows but not process events caused by

 |      the user.

 |  

 |  wait_variable(self, name='PY_VAR')

 |      Wait until the variable is modified.

 |      

 |      A parameter of type IntVar, StringVar, DoubleVar or

 |      BooleanVar must be given.

 |  

 |  wait_visibility(self, window=None)

 |      Wait until the visibility of a WIDGET changes

 |      (e.g. it appears).

 |      

 |      If no parameter is given self is used.

 |  

 |  wait_window(self, window=None)

 |      Wait until a WIDGET is destroyed.

 |      

 |      If no parameter is given self is used.

 |  

 |  waitvar = wait_variable(self, name='PY_VAR')

 |  

 |  winfo_atom(self, name, displayof=0)

 |      Return integer which represents atom NAME.

 |  

 |  winfo_atomname(self, id, displayof=0)

 |      Return name of atom with identifier ID.

 |  

 |  winfo_cells(self)

 |      Return number of cells in the colormap for this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_children(self)

 |      Return a list of all widgets which are children of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_class(self)

 |      Return window class name of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_colormapfull(self)

 |      Return True if at the last color request the colormap was full.

 |  

 |  winfo_containing(self, rootX, rootY, displayof=0)

 |      Return the widget which is at the root coordinates ROOTX, ROOTY.

 |  

 |  winfo_depth(self)

 |      Return the number of bits per pixel.

 |  

 |  winfo_exists(self)

 |      Return true if this widget exists.

 |  

 |  winfo_fpixels(self, number)

 |      Return the number of pixels for the given distance NUMBER

 |      (e.g. "3c") as float.

 |  

 |  winfo_geometry(self)

 |      Return geometry string for this widget in the form "widthxheight+X+Y".

 |  

 |  winfo_height(self)

 |      Return height of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_id(self)

 |      Return identifier ID for this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_interps(self, displayof=0)

 |      Return the name of all Tcl interpreters for this display.

 |  

 |  winfo_ismapped(self)

 |      Return true if this widget is mapped.

 |  

 |  winfo_manager(self)

 |      Return the window manager name for this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_name(self)

 |      Return the name of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_parent(self)

 |      Return the name of the parent of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_pathname(self, id, displayof=0)

 |      Return the pathname of the widget given by ID.

 |  

 |  winfo_pixels(self, number)

 |      Rounded integer value of winfo_fpixels.

 |  

 |  winfo_pointerx(self)

 |      Return the x coordinate of the pointer on the root window.

 |  

 |  winfo_pointerxy(self)

 |      Return a tuple of x and y coordinates of the pointer on the root window.

 |  

 |  winfo_pointery(self)

 |      Return the y coordinate of the pointer on the root window.

 |  

 |  winfo_reqheight(self)

 |      Return requested height of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_reqwidth(self)

 |      Return requested width of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_rgb(self, color)

 |      Return a tuple of integer RGB values in range(65536) for color in this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_rootx(self)

 |      Return x coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the

 |      root window.

 |  

 |  winfo_rooty(self)

 |      Return y coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the

 |      root window.

 |  

 |  winfo_screen(self)

 |      Return the screen name of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_screencells(self)

 |      Return the number of the cells in the colormap of the screen

 |      of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_screendepth(self)

 |      Return the number of bits per pixel of the root window of the

 |      screen of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_screenheight(self)

 |      Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of this widget

 |      in pixel.

 |  

 |  winfo_screenmmheight(self)

 |      Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of

 |      this widget in mm.

 |  

 |  winfo_screenmmwidth(self)

 |      Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of

 |      this widget in mm.

 |  

 |  winfo_screenvisual(self)

 |      Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,

 |      staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the default

 |      colormodel of this screen.

 |  

 |  winfo_screenwidth(self)

 |      Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of

 |      this widget in pixel.

 |  

 |  winfo_server(self)

 |      Return information of the X-Server of the screen of this widget in

 |      the form "XmajorRminor vendor vendorVersion".

 |  

 |  winfo_toplevel(self)

 |      Return the toplevel widget of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_viewable(self)

 |      Return true if the widget and all its higher ancestors are mapped.

 |  

 |  winfo_visual(self)

 |      Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,

 |      staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the

 |      colormodel of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_visualid(self)

 |      Return the X identifier for the visual for this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_visualsavailable(self, includeids=False)

 |      Return a list of all visuals available for the screen

 |      of this widget.

 |      

 |      Each item in the list consists of a visual name (see winfo_visual), a

 |      depth and if includeids is true is given also the X identifier.

 |  

 |  winfo_vrootheight(self)

 |      Return the height of the virtual root window associated with this

 |      widget in pixels. If there is no virtual root window return the

 |      height of the screen.

 |  

 |  winfo_vrootwidth(self)

 |      Return the width of the virtual root window associated with this

 |      widget in pixel. If there is no virtual root window return the

 |      width of the screen.

 |  

 |  winfo_vrootx(self)

 |      Return the x offset of the virtual root relative to the root

 |      window of the screen of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_vrooty(self)

 |      Return the y offset of the virtual root relative to the root

 |      window of the screen of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_width(self)

 |      Return the width of this widget.

 |  

 |  winfo_x(self)

 |      Return the x coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget

 |      in the parent.

 |  

 |  winfo_y(self)

 |      Return the y coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget

 |      in the parent.

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Data descriptors inherited from tkinter.Misc:

 |  

 |  __dict__

 |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)

 |  

 |  __weakref__

 |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from tkinter.Pack:

 |  

 |  forget = pack_forget(self)

 |  

 |  info = pack_info(self)

 |  

 |  pack = pack_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)

 |  

 |  pack_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)

 |      Pack a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:

 |      after=widget - pack it after you have packed widget

 |      anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position widget according to

 |                                given direction

 |      before=widget - pack it before you will pack widget

 |      expand=bool - expand widget if parent size grows

 |      fill=NONE or X or Y or BOTH - fill widget if widget grows

 |      in=master - use master to contain this widget

 |      in_=master - see 'in' option description

 |      ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction

 |      ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction

 |      padx=amount - add padding in x direction

 |      pady=amount - add padding in y direction

 |      side=TOP or BOTTOM or LEFT or RIGHT -  where to add this widget.

 |  

 |  pack_forget(self)

 |      Unmap this widget and do not use it for the packing order.

 |  

 |  pack_info(self)

 |      Return information about the packing options

 |      for this widget.

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from tkinter.Place:

 |  

 |  place = place_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)

 |  

 |  place_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)

 |      Place a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:

 |      in=master - master relative to which the widget is placed

 |      in_=master - see 'in' option description

 |      x=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position x of master

 |      y=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position y of master

 |      relx=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0

 |                    relative to width of master (1.0 is right edge)

 |      rely=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0

 |                    relative to height of master (1.0 is bottom edge)

 |      anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position anchor according to given direction

 |      width=amount - width of this widget in pixel

 |      height=amount - height of this widget in pixel

 |      relwidth=amount - width of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0

 |                        relative to width of master (1.0 is the same width

 |                        as the master)

 |      relheight=amount - height of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0

 |                         relative to height of master (1.0 is the same

 |                         height as the master)

 |      bordermode="inside" or "outside" - whether to take border width of

 |                                         master widget into account

 |  

 |  place_forget(self)

 |      Unmap this widget.

 |  

 |  place_info(self)

 |      Return information about the placing options

 |      for this widget.

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from tkinter.Grid:

 |  

 |  grid = grid_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)

 |  

 |  grid_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)

 |      Position a widget in the parent widget in a grid. Use as options:

 |      column=number - use cell identified with given column (starting with 0)

 |      columnspan=number - this widget will span several columns

 |      in=master - use master to contain this widget

 |      in_=master - see 'in' option description

 |      ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction

 |      ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction

 |      padx=amount - add padding in x direction

 |      pady=amount - add padding in y direction

 |      row=number - use cell identified with given row (starting with 0)

 |      rowspan=number - this widget will span several rows

 |      sticky=NSEW - if cell is larger on which sides will this

 |                    widget stick to the cell boundary

 |  

 |  grid_forget(self)

 |      Unmap this widget.

 |  

 |  grid_info(self)

 |      Return information about the options

 |      for positioning this widget in a grid.

 |  

 |  grid_remove(self)

 |      Unmap this widget but remember the grid options.

 |  

 |  location = grid_location(self, x, y)

 |  

 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 |  Methods inherited from tkinter.XView:

 |  

 |  xview(self, *args)

 |      Query and change the horizontal position of the view.

 |  

 |  xview_moveto(self, fraction)

 |      Adjusts the view in the window so that FRACTION of the

 |      total width of the canvas is off-screen to the left.

 |  

 |  xview_scroll(self, number, what)

 |      Shift the x-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units"

 |      or "pages" (WHAT).

附件二

tkinter.rar下载

tkinter全部控件的英文帮助全集下载地址：

 https://download.csdn.net/download/boysoft2002/88640897