Python pymodbus类库使用学习总结

授客 2024-08-05 08:09:00 阅读 63

实践环境

Python 3.9.13

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-amd64.exe

pymodbus-3.6.8-py3-none-any.whl

https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/35/19/a9d16f74548d6750acf6604fa74c2cd165b5bc955fe021bf5e1fa04acf14/pymodbus-3.6.8-py3-none-any.whl

pyserial-3.5

备注:如果不安装该模块,采用串口通信时(下述代码中 <code>comm = 'serial'时的通信),会报错NameError: name 'serial' is not defined

pip install pyserial

Virtual Serial Port Driver 6.9

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/15pCeYyOZWSsbEr_rU1e5hg?pwd=vspd

提取码:vspd

代码实践

修改pymodbus\logging.py

路径: PYTHON_HOME\Lib\site-packages\pymodbus\logging.py

修改源码是为了更方便使用类库自带日志打印器

# ...略

class Log:

"""Class to hide logging complexity.

:meta private:

"""

# _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # commented by shouke

_logger = logging.getLogger('logger') # added by shouke # 方便在不同模块获取日志打印器

@classmethod

def apply_logging_config(cls, level, log_file_name):

"""Apply basic logging configuration."""

if level == logging.NOTSET:

level = cls._logger.getEffectiveLevel()

if isinstance(level, str):

level = level.upper()

log_stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler()

log_formatter = logging.Formatter(

"%(asctime)s %(levelname)-5s %(module)s:%(lineno)s %(message)s"

)

log_stream_handler.setFormatter(log_formatter)

##################### commented by shouke #################

# cls._logger.addHandler(log_stream_handler)

# if log_file_name:

# log_file_handler = logging.FileHandler(log_file_name)

# log_file_handler.setFormatter(log_formatter)

# cls._logger.addHandler(log_file_handler)

##########################################################

##################### added by shouke #################

if not cls._logger.handlers: # 如果不加这个判断,在不同模块都执行pymodbus_apply_logging_config函数时,会导致同一条日志被重复打印

cls._logger.addHandler(log_stream_handler)

if log_file_name:

log_file_handler = logging.FileHandler(log_file_name)

log_file_handler.setFormatter(log_formatter)

cls._logger.addHandler(log_file_handler)

##########################################################

cls.setLevel(level)

# ...略

pymodbus_apply_logging_config(level=logging.INFO) # 统一日志打印器配置

异步服务器和异步客户端实现

异步服务器代码实现

server_async.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

'''Pymodbus 异步服务器示例

多线程异步服务器的一个示例。

'''

import asyncio

import logging

### 不修改 PYTHON_HOME\Lib\site-packages\pymodbus\logging.py源码的基础上,获取日志打印器相关方法及说明:

# 方法1

# _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # 采用该_logger打印的日志看不到

# logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) # 不注释上行代码的基础上添加这行代码,日志能打印出来,但是日志所在模块不为当前模块

# 方法2

# _logger = logging.getLogger(__file__)

# logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) # 添加这行代码,确保日志能打印出来,但是打印出来的日志所在模块不为当前模块

# 方法3:

# from pymodbus.logging import Log,pymodbus_apply_logging_config

# pymodbus_apply_logging_config(level=logging.INFO) # 如果缺少这行代码,下面async_helper中的日志打印将无法在控制台输出

# _logger = Log._logger

# 修改 PYTHON_HOME\Lib\site-packages\pymodbus\logging.py源码的基础上,获取日志打印器相关方法:

_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')

# _logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

from pymodbus import __version__ as pymodbus_version

from pymodbus.datastore import (

ModbusSequentialDataBlock,

ModbusServerContext,

ModbusSlaveContext,

ModbusSparseDataBlock,

)

from pymodbus.device import ModbusDeviceIdentification

from pymodbus.server import (

StartAsyncSerialServer,

StartAsyncTcpServer,

StartAsyncTlsServer,

StartAsyncUdpServer,

)

# hook函数

def server_request_tracer(request, *_addr):

"""跟踪请求

所有服务器请求在被处理之前都经过此过滤器

"""

_logger.info(f'---> REQUEST: {request}') # 输出,类似这样: ---> REQUEST: ReadBitRequest(0,1)

def server_response_manipulator( response):

"""操纵响应

所有服务器响应在发送之前都通过此过滤器

过滤器返回:

- 响应,原始或修改后的

- 跳过编码,发出是否对响应进行编码的信号

"""

_logger.info(f'---> RESPONSE: {response}') # 输出,类似这样:---> RESPONSE: ReadCoilsResponse(1)

# response.should_respond = False # 如果让该行代码生效,则客户端收不到服务器响应

return response, False

class Args:

comm = 'tcp' # 通讯模式,可选值 tcp、udp serial、tls

comm_defaults = {

'tcp': ['socket', 5020],

# 'tcp': ['rtu', 5020], # 如果采用ModbusRTU协议 则使用这个

'udp': ['socket', 5020],

# 'serial': ['rtu', '/dev/ptyp0'], # Linux

'serial': ['rtu', 'COM1'] # Windows(本例中COM1和COM2是成对的)

'tls': ['tls', 5020]

}

framer = comm_defaults[comm][0] # 帧类型

port = comm_defaults[comm][1] # 站点端口

host = ''

baudrate = 9600 # 串行设备波特率 即每秒传输的位数

# 连续的、无间隙顺序存储数据块(寄存器块)

datablock = lambda : ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x01, [17] * 100) # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda-assignment

# 连续的,或者可能有间隙的稀疏、不规则存储数据块

# datablock = lambda : ModbusSparseDataBlock({0x00: 0, 0x05: 1}) # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda-assignment

# 工厂模式

# datablock = lambda : ModbusSequentialDataBlock.create() # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda-assignment,unnecessary-lambda

# 如果从节点数量不为0

#服务器使用服务器上下文,该上下文允许服务器,以针对不同的从设备ID使用不同的从站上下文(slave context)进行响应。

# 默认情况下,它将为提供的每个slave ID返回相同的上下文(广播模式)。

# 但是,可以通过将single标识设置为False并且提供slave ID到上下文映射的字典来覆盖这种行为:

# 从机上下文也可以按zero_mode初始化,这意味着到地址(0-7)的请求将映射到地址(0-7)。

# 默认值为False,因此地址(0-7)将映射到(1-8):

# context = {

# 0x01: ModbusSlaveContext( # 0x01为从设备、从机地址

# di=datablock(), # 输入离散量

# co=datablock(), # 输出线圈

# hr=datablock(), # 保持寄存器

# ir=datablock(), # 输入寄存器

# ),

# 0x02: ModbusSlaveContext(

# di=datablock(),

# co=datablock(),

# hr=datablock(),

# ir=datablock(),

# ),

# 0x03: ModbusSlaveContext(

# di=datablock(),

# co=datablock(),

# hr=datablock(),

# ir=datablock(),

# zero_mode=True,

# ),

# }

# single = False

#如果从节点数量为0

context = ModbusSlaveContext(

di=datablock(), co=datablock(), hr=datablock(), ir=datablock()

)

single = True

# 构建数据存储

context = ModbusServerContext(slaves=context,

single=single

)

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------- #

# 初始化服务器信息

# 不对属性字段做任何设置,则字段值默认为空字符串

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------- #

identity = ModbusDeviceIdentification(

info_name={

"VendorName": "Pymodbus",

"ProductCode": "PM",

"VendorUrl": "https://github.com/pymodbus-dev/pymodbus/",

"ProductName": "Pymodbus Server",

"ModelName": "Pymodbus Server",

"MajorMinorRevision": pymodbus_version,

}

)

# sslctx=sslctx, # 用于TLS的SSLContext (默认为None, 自动创建)

cert_file_path = './certificates/pymodbus.crt' # 用于TLS 证书文件路径 (如果sslctx为None时使用该文件)

key_file_path = './certificates/pymodbus.key' # 用于TLS 私钥文件路径 (如果sslctx为None时使用该文件)

async def run_async_server():

"""Run server."""

txt = f'### start ASYNC server, listening on {Args.port} - {Args.comm}'

_logger.info(txt)

if Args.comm == 'tcp':

address = (Args.host if Args.host else '', Args.port if Args.port else None)

server = await StartAsyncTcpServer(

context=Args.context, # 数据存储

identity=Args.identity, # 服务器标识

# TBD host=

# TBD port=

address=address, # 监听地址

# custom_functions=[], # 允许自定义处理函数

framer=Args.framer, # 使用的帧策略

# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # 忽略对缺失的slave的请求

# broadcast_enable=False, # 是否允许广播 将 slave id 0视为广播地址

# timeout=1 # 等待请求完成的时间 # waiting time for request to complete

# 可选参数,实现hook功能

request_tracer=server_request_tracer,

response_manipulator=server_response_manipulator

)

elif Args.comm == 'udp':

address = (

Args.host if Args.host else "127.0.0.1",

Args.port if Args.port else None,

)

server = await StartAsyncUdpServer(

context=Args.context,

identity=Args.identity,

address=address,

# custom_functions=[],

framer=Args.framer,

# ignore_missing_slaves=True,

# broadcast_enable=False,

# timeout=1

)

elif Args.comm == 'serial':

# socat -d -d PTY,link=/tmp/ptyp0,raw,echo=0,ispeed=9600

# PTY,link=/tmp/ttyp0,raw,echo=0,ospeed=9600

server = await StartAsyncSerialServer(

context=Args.context,

identity=Args.identity,

# timeout=1, # waiting time for request to complete

port=Args.port, # 串口

# custom_functions=[],

framer=Args.framer,

# stopbits=1, # 要使用的停止位数(The number of stop bits to use)

# bytesize=8, # 序列化消息字节大小(The bytesize of the serial messages)

# parity="N", # 使用哪种奇偶校验code>

baudrate=Args.baudrate, # 用于串行设备的波特率

# handle_local_echo=False, # 处理USB-to-RS485适配器的本地echo(Handle local echo of the USB-to-RS485 adaptor)

# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # ignore request to a missing slave

# broadcast_enable=False, #

# strict=True, # 使用严格的计时,针对Modbus RTU 为t1.5(use strict timing, t1.5 for Modbus RTU)

)

elif Args.comm == 'tls':

address = (Args.host if Args.host else '', Args.port if Args.port else None)

server = await StartAsyncTlsServer(

context=Args.context, # Data storage

host='localhost', # 定义用于连接的tcp地址code>

# port=port, # tcp监听端口

identity=Args.identity, # server identify

# custom_functions=[], # allow custom handling

address=address,

framer=Args.framer,

certfile=Args.cert_file_path, # The cert file path for TLS (used if sslctx is None)

# sslctx=sslctx, # The SSLContext to use for TLS (default None and auto create)

keyfile=Args.key_file_path, # The key file path for TLS (used if sslctx is None)

# password="none", # 用于解密私钥文件的密码code>

# ignore_missing_slaves=True,

# broadcast_enable=False,

# timeout=1

)

return server

async def async_helper():

_logger.info("Starting server...")

await run_async_server()

if __name__ == "__main__":

asyncio.run(async_helper(), debug=True)

异步客户端代码实现

client_async.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

'''Pymodbus异步客户端示例

'''

import asyncio

import logging

import pymodbus.client as modbusClient

from pymodbus import ModbusException

_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')

class Args:

comm = 'tcp' # 通讯模式,可选值 tcp、udp serial、tls

comm_defaults = {

'tcp': ['socket', 5020],

# 'tcp': ['rtu', 5020], # 如果采用ModbusRTU协议 则使用这个

'udp': ['socket', 5020],

# 'serial': ['rtu', '/dev/ptyp0'], # Linux

'serial': ['rtu', 'COM2'] # Windows(本例中COM1和COM2是用Virtual Serial Port Driver 6.9软件成对添加的虚拟端口)

'tls': ['tls', 5020]

}

framer = comm_defaults[comm][0] # 帧类型

port = comm_defaults[comm][1] # 站点端口

host = '127.0.0.1' # 服务端地址

baudrate = 9600 # 串行设备波特率

timeout = 10 # 客户端访问服务器超时时间(该参数仅用于客户端(slave节点)),float型

# sslctx=sslctx, # 用于TLS的SSLContext (默认为None, 自动创建)

cert_file_path = './certificates/pymodbus.crt' # 用于TLS 证书文件路径 (如果sslctx为None时使用该文件)

key_file_path = './certificates/pymodbus.key' # 用于TLS 私钥文件路径 (如果sslctx为None时使用该文件)

async def run_async_client(modbus_calls=None):

"""Run sync client."""

_logger.info("### Create client object")

if Args.comm == "tcp":

client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusTcpClient(

Args.host,

port=Args.port, # on which port

# Common optional parameters:

framer=Args.framer,

timeout=Args.timeout,

retries=3,

reconnect_delay=1,

reconnect_delay_max=10,

# retry_on_empty=False,

# TCP setup parameters

# source_address=("localhost", 0),

)

elif Args.comm == "udp":

client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusUdpClient(

Args.host,

port=Args.port,

# Common optional parameters:

framer=Args.framer,

timeout=Args.timeout,

# retries=3,

# retry_on_empty=False,

# UDP setup parameters

# source_address=None,

)

elif Args.comm == "serial":

client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusSerialClient(

Args.port,

# Common optional parameters:

# framer=ModbusRtuFramer,

timeout=Args.timeout,

# retries=3,

# retry_on_empty=False,

# Serial setup parameters

baudrate=Args.baudrate,

# bytesize=8,

# parity="N",code>

# stopbits=1,

# handle_local_echo=False,

# strict=True,

)

elif Args.comm == "tls":

client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusTlsClient(

Args.host,

port=Args.port,

# Common optional parameters:

framer=Args.framer,

timeout=Args.timeout,

# retries=3,

# retry_on_empty=False,

# TLS setup parameters

sslctx=modbusClient.AsyncModbusTlsClient.generate_ssl(

certfile=Args.cert_file_path,

keyfile=Args.key_file_path,

# password="none",code>

),

server_hostname="localhost",code>

)

_logger.info("### Client starting")

await client.connect()

assert client.connected

if modbus_calls:

await modbus_calls(client)

client.close()

_logger.info("### End of Program")

async def run_a_few_calls(client):

try:

# 读取线圈状态

rr = await client.read_coils(0, 1, slave=0) # 从 0x00 地址开始读取1个线圈

print(rr.bits) # 输出:[True, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]

# assert len(rr.bits) == 8

print(rr) # 输出:ReadCoilsResponse(8)

# 读输入离散量

rr = await client.read_holding_registers(0, 1, slave=0) # 从 0x00 地址开始读取1个线圈

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17]

rr = await client.read_holding_registers(4, 2, slave=0) # 从0x04 地址开始读取2个线圈

# assert rr.registers[0] == 17

# assert rr.registers[1] == 17

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17]

# 读保持寄存器

rr = await client.read_holding_registers(5, 4) # 从 0x05 地址开始读取4个线圈

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17, 17, 17]

# 读输入寄存器

rr = await client.read_input_registers(0x0F, 3, slave=0) # 从 0x0F 地址开始读取4个线圈

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17, 17]

rr = await client.read_input_registers(15, 3, slave=0) # 从 0x0F 地址开始读取4个线圈

print(rr) # 输出:ReadInputRegistersResponse (3)

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17, 17]

# 写单个线圈

rr = await client.write_coil(9, False, slave=0) # 将布尔值False写入 0x09 地址

print(rr) # 输出:WriteCoilResponse(9) => False

rr = await client.read_coils(9, 1, slave=0)

print(rr.bits) # 输出:[False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]

# 写多个线圈

await client.write_coils(10, False, slave=0) # 将布尔值False写入 0x0A 地址

rr = await client.read_coils(10, 1, slave=0)

print(rr.bits) # 输出:[False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]

rr = await client.read_coils(11, 1, slave=0)

print(rr.bits) # 输出:[True, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]

await client.write_coils(10, [False, False], slave=0) # 将布尔值False写入 0x0A 0x0B 地址

rr = await client.read_coils(11, 1, slave=0)

print(rr.bits) # 输出:[False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]

# 写单个保持寄存器

await client.write_register(12, 0x0F, slave=0) # 将0x0F写入 0x0C 地址

rr = await client.read_input_registers(12, 3, slave=0)

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17, 17]

rr = await client.read_holding_registers(12, 4)

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[15, 17, 17, 17]

# 写多个保持寄存器

await client.write_registers(13, 0x0F, slave=0) # 将0x0F写入 0x0D 地址

rr = await client.read_holding_registers(13, 2)

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[15, 17]

await client.write_registers(13, [0x0F, 0x0E], slave=0) # 将0x0F写入 0x0D,0x0E 地址

rr = await client.read_holding_registers(13, 2)

print(rr.registers) # 输出:[15, 14]

except ModbusException:

pass

async def main():

await run_async_client(modbus_calls=run_a_few_calls)

if __name__ == "__main__":

asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)

相关说明

  1. pymodbus.datastore.ModbusSequentialDataBlock

    在 Modbus 协议中,数据通常被组织成多个数据块,而每个数据块包含一定数量的数据寄存器、者线圈或者离散量。该类是一个用于创建顺序排列的Modbus顺序数据存储数据块的类。

    例如:

    ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x00, [17] * 100) # 创建了一个从地址 0x00 开始,包含 100(即包含100个地址) 个初始值为 17 的数据块

    实践时发现,此时通过read_coils读取线圈,读取线圈起始地址不能超过99,否则服务端会报错Exception Response(129, 1, IllegalAddress)

    client.read_coils(98, 1, slave=0) # 可正常读取

    client.read_coils(99, 1, slave=0) # 报错

    修改下服务端数据块起始地址

    ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x01, [17] * 100) # 创建了一个从地址 0x01 开始

    实践时发现,此时通过read_coils读取线圈,读取线圈起始地址不能超过100,否则服务端会报错Exception Response(129, 1, IllegalAddress)

    client.read_coils(99, 1, slave=0) # 可正常读取

    client.read_coils(100, 1, slave=0) # 报错

  2. pymodbus.datastore.ModbusSparseDataBlock

    用于创建稀疏数据块的类。该类允许创建包含不连续地址的数据块(可随机访问)。具体来说,可以在数据块中指定特定地址的数据,而无需为数据块的每个地址都分配内存。这种方式可以有效地节省内存空间,尤其是在处理大量数据时。

    例如:

    sparse = ModbusSparseDataBlock({10: [3, 5, 6, 8], 30: 1, 40: [0]*20})

    创建一个拥有3个地址的数据块。

    一个地址从0x10开始,长度为4(即包含4个地址),初始值分别为3,5,6,8,一个地址从0x30开始,长度为1,初始值为10,一个地址从0x40开始,长度为20,初始为0

    sparse = ModbusSparseDataBlock([10]*100)

    创建从地址0x00开始,长度为100,初始值为10的数据块

    sparse = ModbusSparseDataBlock() # 创建空的数据块

    sparse.setValues(0, [10]*10) # 添加从地址0x00开始,长度为10,值为10的数据块

    sparse.setValues(30, [20]*5) # 添加从地址0x30开始,长度为5, 值为20的数据块

    # 注意,除非执行类__init__初始化函数时,将 mutable 属性设置为True(默认值),否则无法使用 setValues 函数来添加新的数据块

  3. pymodbus.datastore.ModbusSlaveContext

    用于创建每种数据访问都存储在一个块中的一个modbus数据模型。该类可用来模拟 Modbus 从设备上下文。可以在这个上下文中添加多个不同类型的数据块,模拟一个完整的 Modbus 从设备。

    例子:

    ModbusSlaveContext(

    di=datablock(), # 输入离散量(Discrete Inputs)

    co=datablock(), # 输出线圈 (Coils)

    hr=datablock(), # 保持寄存器(Holding Register)

    ir=datablock(), # 输入寄存器(Input Register)

    )

  4. pymodbus.datastore.ModbusServerContext

    这表示从上下文的主集合,用于创建一个服务器上下文,并将从站上下文添加到服务器上下文中。

    如果初始化时,属性single被设置为True,它将被视为单个上下文(所有的从设备共享相同的 Modbus 地址空间,没有独立的地址范围),因此每个slave ID都返回相同的上下文。通过分析源码可知,当single被设置为True时,会创建一个从设备上下文,设备地址默认为 0,

    如果single设置为False,它将被解释为从站上下文的集合从属上下文(每个从设备都有独立的 Modbus 地址空间,它们的地址范围是相互独立的)

  5. pymodbus.client.mixin.ModbusClientMixin

    1. def read_coils(self, address: int, count: int = 1, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)

      读线圈(功能码 0x01)

      • address 要读取数据的起始地址
      • count 可选参数,要读取的线圈数量(针对read_coils,发现count设置大于1的数和设置为1是一样的效果)
      • slave 可选参数,Modbus从机ID(实践发现,服务端构建服务器实例时,如果single设置为True时, 这里的slave只要不超出合法值范围,可以随便填,但是如果single设置为False,则必须填写正确的从机ID)
      • kwargs可选参数,实验性参数

      异常抛出ModbusException,下同,不再赘述

    2. def read_discrete_inputs(self, address: int, count: int = 1, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)

      读输入离散量(对应功能码 0x02)

      参数说明参考read_coils

    3. def read_holding_registers(self, address: int, count: int = 1, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)

      读保持寄存器(对应功能码 0x03)

      参数说明参考read_coils

    4. def read_input_registers(self, address: int, count: int = 1, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)

      读输入寄存器(对应功能码 0x04)

      参数说明参考read_coils

    5. def write_coil(self, address: int, value: bool, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)

      写单个线圈(对应功能码 0x05)

      • address 要写入数据的起始地址
      • value 要写入的布尔值
      • slave 可选参数,Modbus从机ID
      • kwargs可选参数,实验性参数
    6. def write_coils( self, address: int, values: list[bool] | bool, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)

      写多个线圈(对应功能码 0x0F)

      • address 要写入数据的起始地址
      • values 要写入的布尔值列表、或者单个布尔值
      • slave 可选参数,Modbus从机ID
      • kwargs可选参数,实验性参数
    7. def write_register(self, address: int, value: int, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)

      写单个寄存器(功能码 0x06)

      • address 要写入数据的起始地址
      • value 要写入的整数
      • slave 可选参数,Modbus从机ID
      • kwargs可选参数,实验性参数
    8. def write_registers( self, address: int, values: list[int] | int, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)

      写多个寄存器(功能码 0x10)

      • address 要写入数据的起始地址
      • values 要写入的整数列表、或者单个整数
      • slave 可选参数,Modbus从机ID
      • kwargs可选参数,实验性参数

为服务器设置初始化 payload实现

server_payload.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

'''Pymodbus服务器Payload示例。

此示例展示如何使用builder初始化具复杂的内存layout的服务器

'''

import asyncio

import logging

_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')

from pymodbus.constants import Endian

from pymodbus.datastore import (

ModbusSequentialDataBlock,

ModbusServerContext,

ModbusSlaveContext

)

from pymodbus.server import StartAsyncTcpServer

from pymodbus.payload import BinaryPayloadBuilder

async def run_async_server():

"""Run server."""

builder = BinaryPayloadBuilder(byteorder=Endian.LITTLE, wordorder=Endian.LITTLE)

builder.add_string("abcdefgh")

builder.add_bits([0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0])

builder.add_8bit_int(-0x12)

builder.add_8bit_uint(0x12)

builder.add_16bit_int(-0x5678)

builder.add_16bit_uint(0x1234)

builder.add_32bit_int(-0x1234)

builder.add_32bit_uint(0x12345678)

builder.add_16bit_float(12.34)

builder.add_16bit_float(-12.34)

builder.add_32bit_float(22.34)

builder.add_32bit_float(-22.34)

builder.add_64bit_int(-0xDEADBEEF)

builder.add_64bit_uint(0x12345678DEADBEEF)

builder.add_64bit_uint(0xDEADBEEFDEADBEED)

builder.add_64bit_float(123.45)

builder.add_64bit_float(-123.45)

datablock = ModbusSequentialDataBlock(1, builder.to_registers())

context = ModbusSlaveContext(

di=datablock, co=datablock, hr=datablock, ir=datablock # 注意,datablock不能加括号()

)

single = True

# 构建数据存储

context = ModbusServerContext(slaves=context, single=single)

txt = f'### start ASYNC server, listening on 5020 - tcp'

_logger.info(txt)

address = ('', 5020)

server = await StartAsyncTcpServer(

context=context, # 数据存储

# TBD host=

# TBD port=

address=address, # 监听地址

# custom_functions=[], # 允许自定义处理函数

framer='socket', # 使用的帧策略code>

# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # 忽略对缺失的slave的请求

# broadcast_enable=False, # 是否允许广播 将 slave id 0视为广播地址

# timeout=1 # 等待请求完成的时间 # waiting time for request to complete

)

return server

async def async_helper():

_logger.info("Starting server...")

await run_async_server()

if __name__ == "__main__":

asyncio.run(async_helper(), debug=True)

带有更新任务的服务器代码实现

server_updating.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

'''带有更新任务的Pymodbus异步服务器示例。

异步服务器以及随服务器一起连续运行并更新值的任务示例

'''

import asyncio

import logging

_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')

from pymodbus.datastore import (

ModbusSequentialDataBlock,

ModbusServerContext,

ModbusSlaveContext

)

from pymodbus.server import StartAsyncTcpServer

async def updating_task(context):

'''更新服务器中的数据值

此任务伴随服务器持续运行,它将每两秒增加一些值

需要注意的是,getValues和setValues不是并发安全的

'''

# fc_as_hex = 3 # 功能码,例如3、0x03 表示读保持寄存器

fc_as_hex = 4

slave_id = 0x00 # 从节点ID

address = 0x00 # 数据读取起始地址

count = 6 # 需要获取的值的数量

values = context[slave_id].getValues(fc_as_hex, address, count=count)

# set values to zero

values = [0 for v in values]

context[slave_id].setValues(fc_as_hex, address, values)

txt = f'updating_task: started: initialised values: {values!s} at address {address!s}'

print(txt)

_logger.debug(txt)

# 循环递增

while True:

await asyncio.sleep(2)

values = context[slave_id].getValues(fc_as_hex, address, count=count)

values = [v + 1 for v in values]

context[slave_id].setValues(fc_as_hex, address, values)

txt = f'updating_task: incremented values: {values!s} at address {address!s}'

print(txt)

_logger.debug(txt)

async def run_async_server(context):

"""Run server."""

txt = f'### start ASYNC server, listening on 5020 - tcp'

_logger.info(txt)

address = ('', 5020)

server = await StartAsyncTcpServer(

context=context, # 数据存储

# TBD host=

# TBD port=

address=address, # 监听地址

# custom_functions=[], # 允许自定义处理函数

framer='socket', # 使用的帧策略code>

# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # 忽略对缺失的slave的请求

# broadcast_enable=False, # 是否允许广播 将 slave id 0视为广播地址

# timeout=1 # 等待请求完成的时间 # waiting time for request to complete

)

return server

async def async_helper():

datablock = lambda : ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x01, [17] * 100) # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda-assignment

context = ModbusSlaveContext(

di=datablock(), co=datablock(), hr=datablock(), ir=datablock() # 注意,datablock不能加括号()

)

single = True

# 构建数据存储

context = ModbusServerContext(slaves=context, single=single)

task = asyncio.create_task(updating_task(context))

task.set_name("example updating task")

_logger.info("Starting server...")

await run_async_server(context)

task.cancel()

if __name__ == "__main__":

asyncio.run(async_helper(), debug=True)

客户端访问验证

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import asyncio

import logging

import pymodbus.client as modbusClient

from pymodbus import ModbusException

_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')

async def run_async_client(modbus_calls=None):

"""Run sync client."""

_logger.info("### Create client object")

client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusTcpClient(

'127.0.0.1',

port=5020, # on which port

# Common optional parameters:

framer='socket', # 客户端访问服务器超时时间(该参数仅用于客户端(slave节点)),float型code>

timeout=10,

retries=3,

reconnect_delay=1,

reconnect_delay_max=10,

# retry_on_empty=False,

# TCP setup parameters

# source_address=("localhost", 0),

)

_logger.info("### Client starting")

await client.connect()

assert client.connected

if modbus_calls:

await modbus_calls(client)

client.close()

_logger.info("### End of Program")

async def run_a_few_calls(client):

try:

# 读保持寄存器

# rr = await client.read_holding_registers(0, 4)

# print(rr.registers)

# 读输入寄存器

rr = await client.read_input_registers(0, 7, slave=0)

print(rr.registers)

except ModbusException:

pass

async def main(cmdline=None):

"""Combine setup and run."""

await run_async_client(modbus_calls=run_a_few_calls)

if __name__ == "__main__":

asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)

class ModbusSlaveContext(ModbusBaseSlaveContext):

def getValues(self, fc_as_hex, address, count=1):

"""Get `count` values from datastore.

:param fc_as_hex: The function we are working with

:param address: The starting address

:param count: The number of values to retrieve

:returns: The requested values from a:a+c

"""

if not self.zero_mode:

address += 1

Log.debug("getValues: fc-[{}] address-{}: count-{}", fc_as_hex, address, count)

return self.store[self.decode(fc_as_hex)].getValues(address, count)

def setValues(self, fc_as_hex, address, values):

"""Set the datastore with the supplied values.

:param fc_as_hex: The function we are working with

:param address: The starting address

:param values: The new values to be set

"""

if not self.zero_mode:

address += 1

Log.debug("setValues[{}] address-{}: count-{}", fc_as_hex, address, len(values))

self.store[self.decode(fc_as_hex)].setValues(address, values)

同步服务器和异步客户端实现

同步服务器代码实现

server_sync.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

'''Pymodbus 同步服务器示例

'''

import logging

from pymodbus.datastore import (

ModbusSequentialDataBlock,

ModbusServerContext,

ModbusSlaveContext

)

from pymodbus.server import StartTcpServer

_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')

def run_sync_server():

# 连续的、无间隙顺序存储数据块(寄存器块)

datablock = lambda : ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x01, [17] * 100)

context = ModbusSlaveContext(

di=datablock(), co=datablock(), hr=datablock(), ir=datablock()

)

single = True

# 构建数据存储

context = ModbusServerContext(slaves=context,

single=single

)

txt = f'### start SYNC server'

_logger.info(txt)

address = ('', 5020)

server = StartTcpServer(

context=context, # Data storage

# identity=identity, # server identify

# TBD host=

# TBD port=

address=address, # listen address

# custom_functions=[], # allow custom handling

framer='socket', # The framer strategy to usecode>

# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # ignore request to a missing slave

# broadcast_enable=False, # treat slave_id 0 as broadcast address,

# timeout=1, # waiting time for request to complete

)

return server

def sync_helper():

server = run_sync_server()

server.shutdown()

if __name__ == "__main__":

sync_helper()

同步客户端代码实现

client_sync.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

'''Pymodbus同步客户端示例

'''

import logging

import pymodbus.client as modbusClient

from pymodbus import ModbusException

_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')

def run_sync_client(modbus_calls=None):

"""Run sync client."""

_logger.info("### Create client object")

client = modbusClient.ModbusTcpClient(

'127.0.0.1',

port=5020, # on which port

# Common optional parameters:

framer='socket', # 客户端访问服务器超时时间(该参数仅用于客户端(slave节点)),float型code>

timeout=10,

retries=3,

reconnect_delay=1,

reconnect_delay_max=10,

# retry_on_empty=False,

# TCP setup parameters

# source_address=("localhost", 0),

)

_logger.info("### Client starting")

client.connect()

assert client.connected

if modbus_calls:

modbus_calls(client)

client.close()

_logger.info("### End of Program")

def run_a_few_calls(client):

try:

# 读取线圈状态

rr = client.read_coils(0, 1, slave=1) # 从 0x00 地址开始读取1个线圈

print(rr.bits) # 输出:[True, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]

# assert len(rr.bits) == 8

except ModbusException:

pass

def main():

run_sync_client(modbus_calls=run_a_few_calls)

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

参考链接

https://pypi.org/project/pymodbus/

https://pymodbus.readthedocs.io/en/dev/index.html



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