Python pymodbus类库使用学习总结
授客 2024-08-05 08:09:00 阅读 63
实践环境
Python 3.9.13
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-amd64.exe
pymodbus-3.6.8-py3-none-any.whl
https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/35/19/a9d16f74548d6750acf6604fa74c2cd165b5bc955fe021bf5e1fa04acf14/pymodbus-3.6.8-py3-none-any.whl
pyserial-3.5
备注:如果不安装该模块,采用串口通信时(下述代码中 <code>comm = 'serial'时的通信),会报错NameError: name 'serial' is not defined
pip install pyserial
Virtual Serial Port Driver 6.9
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/15pCeYyOZWSsbEr_rU1e5hg?pwd=vspd
提取码:vspd
代码实践
修改pymodbus\logging.py
路径: PYTHON_HOME\Lib\site-packages\pymodbus\logging.py
修改源码是为了更方便使用类库自带日志打印器
# ...略
class Log:
"""Class to hide logging complexity.
:meta private:
"""
# _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # commented by shouke
_logger = logging.getLogger('logger') # added by shouke # 方便在不同模块获取日志打印器
@classmethod
def apply_logging_config(cls, level, log_file_name):
"""Apply basic logging configuration."""
if level == logging.NOTSET:
level = cls._logger.getEffectiveLevel()
if isinstance(level, str):
level = level.upper()
log_stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
log_formatter = logging.Formatter(
"%(asctime)s %(levelname)-5s %(module)s:%(lineno)s %(message)s"
)
log_stream_handler.setFormatter(log_formatter)
##################### commented by shouke #################
# cls._logger.addHandler(log_stream_handler)
# if log_file_name:
# log_file_handler = logging.FileHandler(log_file_name)
# log_file_handler.setFormatter(log_formatter)
# cls._logger.addHandler(log_file_handler)
##########################################################
##################### added by shouke #################
if not cls._logger.handlers: # 如果不加这个判断,在不同模块都执行pymodbus_apply_logging_config函数时,会导致同一条日志被重复打印
cls._logger.addHandler(log_stream_handler)
if log_file_name:
log_file_handler = logging.FileHandler(log_file_name)
log_file_handler.setFormatter(log_formatter)
cls._logger.addHandler(log_file_handler)
##########################################################
cls.setLevel(level)
# ...略
pymodbus_apply_logging_config(level=logging.INFO) # 统一日志打印器配置
异步服务器和异步客户端实现
异步服务器代码实现
server_async.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''Pymodbus 异步服务器示例
多线程异步服务器的一个示例。
'''
import asyncio
import logging
### 不修改 PYTHON_HOME\Lib\site-packages\pymodbus\logging.py源码的基础上,获取日志打印器相关方法及说明:
# 方法1
# _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # 采用该_logger打印的日志看不到
# logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) # 不注释上行代码的基础上添加这行代码,日志能打印出来,但是日志所在模块不为当前模块
# 方法2
# _logger = logging.getLogger(__file__)
# logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) # 添加这行代码,确保日志能打印出来,但是打印出来的日志所在模块不为当前模块
# 方法3:
# from pymodbus.logging import Log,pymodbus_apply_logging_config
# pymodbus_apply_logging_config(level=logging.INFO) # 如果缺少这行代码,下面async_helper中的日志打印将无法在控制台输出
# _logger = Log._logger
# 修改 PYTHON_HOME\Lib\site-packages\pymodbus\logging.py源码的基础上,获取日志打印器相关方法:
_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')
# _logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
from pymodbus import __version__ as pymodbus_version
from pymodbus.datastore import (
ModbusSequentialDataBlock,
ModbusServerContext,
ModbusSlaveContext,
ModbusSparseDataBlock,
)
from pymodbus.device import ModbusDeviceIdentification
from pymodbus.server import (
StartAsyncSerialServer,
StartAsyncTcpServer,
StartAsyncTlsServer,
StartAsyncUdpServer,
)
# hook函数
def server_request_tracer(request, *_addr):
"""跟踪请求
所有服务器请求在被处理之前都经过此过滤器
"""
_logger.info(f'---> REQUEST: {request}') # 输出,类似这样: ---> REQUEST: ReadBitRequest(0,1)
def server_response_manipulator( response):
"""操纵响应
所有服务器响应在发送之前都通过此过滤器
过滤器返回:
- 响应,原始或修改后的
- 跳过编码,发出是否对响应进行编码的信号
"""
_logger.info(f'---> RESPONSE: {response}') # 输出,类似这样:---> RESPONSE: ReadCoilsResponse(1)
# response.should_respond = False # 如果让该行代码生效,则客户端收不到服务器响应
return response, False
class Args:
comm = 'tcp' # 通讯模式,可选值 tcp、udp serial、tls
comm_defaults = {
'tcp': ['socket', 5020],
# 'tcp': ['rtu', 5020], # 如果采用ModbusRTU协议 则使用这个
'udp': ['socket', 5020],
# 'serial': ['rtu', '/dev/ptyp0'], # Linux
'serial': ['rtu', 'COM1'] # Windows(本例中COM1和COM2是成对的)
'tls': ['tls', 5020]
}
framer = comm_defaults[comm][0] # 帧类型
port = comm_defaults[comm][1] # 站点端口
host = ''
baudrate = 9600 # 串行设备波特率 即每秒传输的位数
# 连续的、无间隙顺序存储数据块(寄存器块)
datablock = lambda : ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x01, [17] * 100) # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda-assignment
# 连续的,或者可能有间隙的稀疏、不规则存储数据块
# datablock = lambda : ModbusSparseDataBlock({0x00: 0, 0x05: 1}) # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda-assignment
# 工厂模式
# datablock = lambda : ModbusSequentialDataBlock.create() # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda-assignment,unnecessary-lambda
# 如果从节点数量不为0
#服务器使用服务器上下文,该上下文允许服务器,以针对不同的从设备ID使用不同的从站上下文(slave context)进行响应。
# 默认情况下,它将为提供的每个slave ID返回相同的上下文(广播模式)。
# 但是,可以通过将single标识设置为False并且提供slave ID到上下文映射的字典来覆盖这种行为:
# 从机上下文也可以按zero_mode初始化,这意味着到地址(0-7)的请求将映射到地址(0-7)。
# 默认值为False,因此地址(0-7)将映射到(1-8):
# context = {
# 0x01: ModbusSlaveContext( # 0x01为从设备、从机地址
# di=datablock(), # 输入离散量
# co=datablock(), # 输出线圈
# hr=datablock(), # 保持寄存器
# ir=datablock(), # 输入寄存器
# ),
# 0x02: ModbusSlaveContext(
# di=datablock(),
# co=datablock(),
# hr=datablock(),
# ir=datablock(),
# ),
# 0x03: ModbusSlaveContext(
# di=datablock(),
# co=datablock(),
# hr=datablock(),
# ir=datablock(),
# zero_mode=True,
# ),
# }
# single = False
#如果从节点数量为0
context = ModbusSlaveContext(
di=datablock(), co=datablock(), hr=datablock(), ir=datablock()
)
single = True
# 构建数据存储
context = ModbusServerContext(slaves=context,
single=single
)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# 初始化服务器信息
# 不对属性字段做任何设置,则字段值默认为空字符串
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------- #
identity = ModbusDeviceIdentification(
info_name={
"VendorName": "Pymodbus",
"ProductCode": "PM",
"VendorUrl": "https://github.com/pymodbus-dev/pymodbus/",
"ProductName": "Pymodbus Server",
"ModelName": "Pymodbus Server",
"MajorMinorRevision": pymodbus_version,
}
)
# sslctx=sslctx, # 用于TLS的SSLContext (默认为None, 自动创建)
cert_file_path = './certificates/pymodbus.crt' # 用于TLS 证书文件路径 (如果sslctx为None时使用该文件)
key_file_path = './certificates/pymodbus.key' # 用于TLS 私钥文件路径 (如果sslctx为None时使用该文件)
async def run_async_server():
"""Run server."""
txt = f'### start ASYNC server, listening on {Args.port} - {Args.comm}'
_logger.info(txt)
if Args.comm == 'tcp':
address = (Args.host if Args.host else '', Args.port if Args.port else None)
server = await StartAsyncTcpServer(
context=Args.context, # 数据存储
identity=Args.identity, # 服务器标识
# TBD host=
# TBD port=
address=address, # 监听地址
# custom_functions=[], # 允许自定义处理函数
framer=Args.framer, # 使用的帧策略
# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # 忽略对缺失的slave的请求
# broadcast_enable=False, # 是否允许广播 将 slave id 0视为广播地址
# timeout=1 # 等待请求完成的时间 # waiting time for request to complete
# 可选参数,实现hook功能
request_tracer=server_request_tracer,
response_manipulator=server_response_manipulator
)
elif Args.comm == 'udp':
address = (
Args.host if Args.host else "127.0.0.1",
Args.port if Args.port else None,
)
server = await StartAsyncUdpServer(
context=Args.context,
identity=Args.identity,
address=address,
# custom_functions=[],
framer=Args.framer,
# ignore_missing_slaves=True,
# broadcast_enable=False,
# timeout=1
)
elif Args.comm == 'serial':
# socat -d -d PTY,link=/tmp/ptyp0,raw,echo=0,ispeed=9600
# PTY,link=/tmp/ttyp0,raw,echo=0,ospeed=9600
server = await StartAsyncSerialServer(
context=Args.context,
identity=Args.identity,
# timeout=1, # waiting time for request to complete
port=Args.port, # 串口
# custom_functions=[],
framer=Args.framer,
# stopbits=1, # 要使用的停止位数(The number of stop bits to use)
# bytesize=8, # 序列化消息字节大小(The bytesize of the serial messages)
# parity="N", # 使用哪种奇偶校验code>
baudrate=Args.baudrate, # 用于串行设备的波特率
# handle_local_echo=False, # 处理USB-to-RS485适配器的本地echo(Handle local echo of the USB-to-RS485 adaptor)
# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # ignore request to a missing slave
# broadcast_enable=False, #
# strict=True, # 使用严格的计时,针对Modbus RTU 为t1.5(use strict timing, t1.5 for Modbus RTU)
)
elif Args.comm == 'tls':
address = (Args.host if Args.host else '', Args.port if Args.port else None)
server = await StartAsyncTlsServer(
context=Args.context, # Data storage
host='localhost', # 定义用于连接的tcp地址code>
# port=port, # tcp监听端口
identity=Args.identity, # server identify
# custom_functions=[], # allow custom handling
address=address,
framer=Args.framer,
certfile=Args.cert_file_path, # The cert file path for TLS (used if sslctx is None)
# sslctx=sslctx, # The SSLContext to use for TLS (default None and auto create)
keyfile=Args.key_file_path, # The key file path for TLS (used if sslctx is None)
# password="none", # 用于解密私钥文件的密码code>
# ignore_missing_slaves=True,
# broadcast_enable=False,
# timeout=1
)
return server
async def async_helper():
_logger.info("Starting server...")
await run_async_server()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(async_helper(), debug=True)
异步客户端代码实现
client_async.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''Pymodbus异步客户端示例
'''
import asyncio
import logging
import pymodbus.client as modbusClient
from pymodbus import ModbusException
_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')
class Args:
comm = 'tcp' # 通讯模式,可选值 tcp、udp serial、tls
comm_defaults = {
'tcp': ['socket', 5020],
# 'tcp': ['rtu', 5020], # 如果采用ModbusRTU协议 则使用这个
'udp': ['socket', 5020],
# 'serial': ['rtu', '/dev/ptyp0'], # Linux
'serial': ['rtu', 'COM2'] # Windows(本例中COM1和COM2是用Virtual Serial Port Driver 6.9软件成对添加的虚拟端口)
'tls': ['tls', 5020]
}
framer = comm_defaults[comm][0] # 帧类型
port = comm_defaults[comm][1] # 站点端口
host = '127.0.0.1' # 服务端地址
baudrate = 9600 # 串行设备波特率
timeout = 10 # 客户端访问服务器超时时间(该参数仅用于客户端(slave节点)),float型
# sslctx=sslctx, # 用于TLS的SSLContext (默认为None, 自动创建)
cert_file_path = './certificates/pymodbus.crt' # 用于TLS 证书文件路径 (如果sslctx为None时使用该文件)
key_file_path = './certificates/pymodbus.key' # 用于TLS 私钥文件路径 (如果sslctx为None时使用该文件)
async def run_async_client(modbus_calls=None):
"""Run sync client."""
_logger.info("### Create client object")
if Args.comm == "tcp":
client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusTcpClient(
Args.host,
port=Args.port, # on which port
# Common optional parameters:
framer=Args.framer,
timeout=Args.timeout,
retries=3,
reconnect_delay=1,
reconnect_delay_max=10,
# retry_on_empty=False,
# TCP setup parameters
# source_address=("localhost", 0),
)
elif Args.comm == "udp":
client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusUdpClient(
Args.host,
port=Args.port,
# Common optional parameters:
framer=Args.framer,
timeout=Args.timeout,
# retries=3,
# retry_on_empty=False,
# UDP setup parameters
# source_address=None,
)
elif Args.comm == "serial":
client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusSerialClient(
Args.port,
# Common optional parameters:
# framer=ModbusRtuFramer,
timeout=Args.timeout,
# retries=3,
# retry_on_empty=False,
# Serial setup parameters
baudrate=Args.baudrate,
# bytesize=8,
# parity="N",code>
# stopbits=1,
# handle_local_echo=False,
# strict=True,
)
elif Args.comm == "tls":
client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusTlsClient(
Args.host,
port=Args.port,
# Common optional parameters:
framer=Args.framer,
timeout=Args.timeout,
# retries=3,
# retry_on_empty=False,
# TLS setup parameters
sslctx=modbusClient.AsyncModbusTlsClient.generate_ssl(
certfile=Args.cert_file_path,
keyfile=Args.key_file_path,
# password="none",code>
),
server_hostname="localhost",code>
)
_logger.info("### Client starting")
await client.connect()
assert client.connected
if modbus_calls:
await modbus_calls(client)
client.close()
_logger.info("### End of Program")
async def run_a_few_calls(client):
try:
# 读取线圈状态
rr = await client.read_coils(0, 1, slave=0) # 从 0x00 地址开始读取1个线圈
print(rr.bits) # 输出:[True, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]
# assert len(rr.bits) == 8
print(rr) # 输出:ReadCoilsResponse(8)
# 读输入离散量
rr = await client.read_holding_registers(0, 1, slave=0) # 从 0x00 地址开始读取1个线圈
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17]
rr = await client.read_holding_registers(4, 2, slave=0) # 从0x04 地址开始读取2个线圈
# assert rr.registers[0] == 17
# assert rr.registers[1] == 17
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17]
# 读保持寄存器
rr = await client.read_holding_registers(5, 4) # 从 0x05 地址开始读取4个线圈
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17, 17, 17]
# 读输入寄存器
rr = await client.read_input_registers(0x0F, 3, slave=0) # 从 0x0F 地址开始读取4个线圈
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17, 17]
rr = await client.read_input_registers(15, 3, slave=0) # 从 0x0F 地址开始读取4个线圈
print(rr) # 输出:ReadInputRegistersResponse (3)
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17, 17]
# 写单个线圈
rr = await client.write_coil(9, False, slave=0) # 将布尔值False写入 0x09 地址
print(rr) # 输出:WriteCoilResponse(9) => False
rr = await client.read_coils(9, 1, slave=0)
print(rr.bits) # 输出:[False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]
# 写多个线圈
await client.write_coils(10, False, slave=0) # 将布尔值False写入 0x0A 地址
rr = await client.read_coils(10, 1, slave=0)
print(rr.bits) # 输出:[False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]
rr = await client.read_coils(11, 1, slave=0)
print(rr.bits) # 输出:[True, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]
await client.write_coils(10, [False, False], slave=0) # 将布尔值False写入 0x0A 0x0B 地址
rr = await client.read_coils(11, 1, slave=0)
print(rr.bits) # 输出:[False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]
# 写单个保持寄存器
await client.write_register(12, 0x0F, slave=0) # 将0x0F写入 0x0C 地址
rr = await client.read_input_registers(12, 3, slave=0)
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[17, 17, 17]
rr = await client.read_holding_registers(12, 4)
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[15, 17, 17, 17]
# 写多个保持寄存器
await client.write_registers(13, 0x0F, slave=0) # 将0x0F写入 0x0D 地址
rr = await client.read_holding_registers(13, 2)
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[15, 17]
await client.write_registers(13, [0x0F, 0x0E], slave=0) # 将0x0F写入 0x0D,0x0E 地址
rr = await client.read_holding_registers(13, 2)
print(rr.registers) # 输出:[15, 14]
except ModbusException:
pass
async def main():
await run_async_client(modbus_calls=run_a_few_calls)
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)
相关说明
pymodbus.datastore.ModbusSequentialDataBlock
在 Modbus 协议中,数据通常被组织成多个数据块,而每个数据块包含一定数量的数据寄存器、者线圈或者离散量。该类是一个用于创建顺序排列的Modbus顺序数据存储数据块的类。
例如:
ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x00, [17] * 100) # 创建了一个从地址 0x00 开始,包含 100(即包含100个地址) 个初始值为 17 的数据块
实践时发现,此时通过
read_coils
读取线圈,读取线圈起始地址不能超过99,否则服务端会报错Exception Response(129, 1, IllegalAddress)
,client.read_coils(98, 1, slave=0) # 可正常读取
client.read_coils(99, 1, slave=0) # 报错
修改下服务端数据块起始地址
ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x01, [17] * 100) # 创建了一个从地址 0x01 开始
实践时发现,此时通过
read_coils
读取线圈,读取线圈起始地址不能超过100,否则服务端会报错Exception Response(129, 1, IllegalAddress)
,client.read_coils(99, 1, slave=0) # 可正常读取
client.read_coils(100, 1, slave=0) # 报错
pymodbus.datastore.ModbusSparseDataBlock
用于创建稀疏数据块的类。该类允许创建包含不连续地址的数据块(可随机访问)。具体来说,可以在数据块中指定特定地址的数据,而无需为数据块的每个地址都分配内存。这种方式可以有效地节省内存空间,尤其是在处理大量数据时。
例如:
sparse = ModbusSparseDataBlock({10: [3, 5, 6, 8], 30: 1, 40: [0]*20})
创建一个拥有3个地址的数据块。
一个地址从0x10开始,长度为4(即包含4个地址),初始值分别为3,5,6,8,一个地址从0x30开始,长度为1,初始值为10,一个地址从0x40开始,长度为20,初始为0
sparse = ModbusSparseDataBlock([10]*100)
创建从地址0x00开始,长度为100,初始值为10的数据块
sparse = ModbusSparseDataBlock() # 创建空的数据块
sparse.setValues(0, [10]*10) # 添加从地址0x00开始,长度为10,值为10的数据块
sparse.setValues(30, [20]*5) # 添加从地址0x30开始,长度为5, 值为20的数据块
# 注意,除非执行类__init__初始化函数时,将 mutable 属性设置为True(默认值),否则无法使用 setValues 函数来添加新的数据块
pymodbus.datastore.ModbusSlaveContext
用于创建每种数据访问都存储在一个块中的一个modbus数据模型。该类可用来模拟 Modbus 从设备上下文。可以在这个上下文中添加多个不同类型的数据块,模拟一个完整的 Modbus 从设备。
例子:
ModbusSlaveContext(
di=datablock(), # 输入离散量(Discrete Inputs)
co=datablock(), # 输出线圈 (Coils)
hr=datablock(), # 保持寄存器(Holding Register)
ir=datablock(), # 输入寄存器(Input Register)
)
pymodbus.datastore.ModbusServerContext
这表示从上下文的主集合,用于创建一个服务器上下文,并将从站上下文添加到服务器上下文中。
如果初始化时,属性
single
被设置为True
,它将被视为单个上下文(所有的从设备共享相同的 Modbus 地址空间,没有独立的地址范围),因此每个slave ID都返回相同的上下文。通过分析源码可知,当single
被设置为True
时,会创建一个从设备上下文,设备地址默认为 0,如果
single
设置为False
,它将被解释为从站上下文的集合从属上下文(每个从设备都有独立的 Modbus 地址空间,它们的地址范围是相互独立的)pymodbus.client.mixin.ModbusClientMixin
def read_coils(self, address: int, count: int = 1, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)
读线圈(功能码
0x01
)address
要读取数据的起始地址count
可选参数,要读取的线圈数量(针对read_coils
,发现count设置大于1的数和设置为1是一样的效果)slave
可选参数,Modbus从机ID(实践发现,服务端构建服务器实例时,如果single
设置为True
时, 这里的slave只要不超出合法值范围,可以随便填,但是如果single
设置为False
,则必须填写正确的从机ID)kwargs
可选参数,实验性参数
异常抛出
ModbusException
,下同,不再赘述def read_discrete_inputs(self, address: int, count: int = 1, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)
读输入离散量(对应功能码
0x02
)参数说明参考
read_coils
def read_holding_registers(self, address: int, count: int = 1, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)
读保持寄存器(对应功能码
0x03
)参数说明参考
read_coils
def read_input_registers(self, address: int, count: int = 1, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)
读输入寄存器(对应功能码 0x04)
参数说明参考
read_coils
def write_coil(self, address: int, value: bool, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)
写单个线圈(对应功能码
0x05
)address
要写入数据的起始地址value
要写入的布尔值slave
可选参数,Modbus从机IDkwargs
可选参数,实验性参数
def write_coils( self, address: int, values: list[bool] | bool, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)
写多个线圈(对应功能码
0x0F
)address
要写入数据的起始地址values
要写入的布尔值列表、或者单个布尔值slave
可选参数,Modbus从机IDkwargs
可选参数,实验性参数
def write_register(self, address: int, value: int, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)
写单个寄存器(功能码
0x06
)address
要写入数据的起始地址value
要写入的整数slave
可选参数,Modbus从机IDkwargs
可选参数,实验性参数
def write_registers( self, address: int, values: list[int] | int, slave: int = 0, **kwargs: Any)
写多个寄存器(功能码
0x10
)address
要写入数据的起始地址values
要写入的整数列表、或者单个整数slave
可选参数,Modbus从机IDkwargs
可选参数,实验性参数
为服务器设置初始化 payload实现
server_payload.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''Pymodbus服务器Payload示例。
此示例展示如何使用builder初始化具复杂的内存layout的服务器
'''
import asyncio
import logging
_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')
from pymodbus.constants import Endian
from pymodbus.datastore import (
ModbusSequentialDataBlock,
ModbusServerContext,
ModbusSlaveContext
)
from pymodbus.server import StartAsyncTcpServer
from pymodbus.payload import BinaryPayloadBuilder
async def run_async_server():
"""Run server."""
builder = BinaryPayloadBuilder(byteorder=Endian.LITTLE, wordorder=Endian.LITTLE)
builder.add_string("abcdefgh")
builder.add_bits([0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0])
builder.add_8bit_int(-0x12)
builder.add_8bit_uint(0x12)
builder.add_16bit_int(-0x5678)
builder.add_16bit_uint(0x1234)
builder.add_32bit_int(-0x1234)
builder.add_32bit_uint(0x12345678)
builder.add_16bit_float(12.34)
builder.add_16bit_float(-12.34)
builder.add_32bit_float(22.34)
builder.add_32bit_float(-22.34)
builder.add_64bit_int(-0xDEADBEEF)
builder.add_64bit_uint(0x12345678DEADBEEF)
builder.add_64bit_uint(0xDEADBEEFDEADBEED)
builder.add_64bit_float(123.45)
builder.add_64bit_float(-123.45)
datablock = ModbusSequentialDataBlock(1, builder.to_registers())
context = ModbusSlaveContext(
di=datablock, co=datablock, hr=datablock, ir=datablock # 注意,datablock不能加括号()
)
single = True
# 构建数据存储
context = ModbusServerContext(slaves=context, single=single)
txt = f'### start ASYNC server, listening on 5020 - tcp'
_logger.info(txt)
address = ('', 5020)
server = await StartAsyncTcpServer(
context=context, # 数据存储
# TBD host=
# TBD port=
address=address, # 监听地址
# custom_functions=[], # 允许自定义处理函数
framer='socket', # 使用的帧策略code>
# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # 忽略对缺失的slave的请求
# broadcast_enable=False, # 是否允许广播 将 slave id 0视为广播地址
# timeout=1 # 等待请求完成的时间 # waiting time for request to complete
)
return server
async def async_helper():
_logger.info("Starting server...")
await run_async_server()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(async_helper(), debug=True)
带有更新任务的服务器代码实现
server_updating.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''带有更新任务的Pymodbus异步服务器示例。
异步服务器以及随服务器一起连续运行并更新值的任务示例
'''
import asyncio
import logging
_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')
from pymodbus.datastore import (
ModbusSequentialDataBlock,
ModbusServerContext,
ModbusSlaveContext
)
from pymodbus.server import StartAsyncTcpServer
async def updating_task(context):
'''更新服务器中的数据值
此任务伴随服务器持续运行,它将每两秒增加一些值
需要注意的是,getValues和setValues不是并发安全的
'''
# fc_as_hex = 3 # 功能码,例如3、0x03 表示读保持寄存器
fc_as_hex = 4
slave_id = 0x00 # 从节点ID
address = 0x00 # 数据读取起始地址
count = 6 # 需要获取的值的数量
values = context[slave_id].getValues(fc_as_hex, address, count=count)
# set values to zero
values = [0 for v in values]
context[slave_id].setValues(fc_as_hex, address, values)
txt = f'updating_task: started: initialised values: {values!s} at address {address!s}'
print(txt)
_logger.debug(txt)
# 循环递增
while True:
await asyncio.sleep(2)
values = context[slave_id].getValues(fc_as_hex, address, count=count)
values = [v + 1 for v in values]
context[slave_id].setValues(fc_as_hex, address, values)
txt = f'updating_task: incremented values: {values!s} at address {address!s}'
print(txt)
_logger.debug(txt)
async def run_async_server(context):
"""Run server."""
txt = f'### start ASYNC server, listening on 5020 - tcp'
_logger.info(txt)
address = ('', 5020)
server = await StartAsyncTcpServer(
context=context, # 数据存储
# TBD host=
# TBD port=
address=address, # 监听地址
# custom_functions=[], # 允许自定义处理函数
framer='socket', # 使用的帧策略code>
# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # 忽略对缺失的slave的请求
# broadcast_enable=False, # 是否允许广播 将 slave id 0视为广播地址
# timeout=1 # 等待请求完成的时间 # waiting time for request to complete
)
return server
async def async_helper():
datablock = lambda : ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x01, [17] * 100) # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda-assignment
context = ModbusSlaveContext(
di=datablock(), co=datablock(), hr=datablock(), ir=datablock() # 注意,datablock不能加括号()
)
single = True
# 构建数据存储
context = ModbusServerContext(slaves=context, single=single)
task = asyncio.create_task(updating_task(context))
task.set_name("example updating task")
_logger.info("Starting server...")
await run_async_server(context)
task.cancel()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(async_helper(), debug=True)
客户端访问验证
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import asyncio
import logging
import pymodbus.client as modbusClient
from pymodbus import ModbusException
_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')
async def run_async_client(modbus_calls=None):
"""Run sync client."""
_logger.info("### Create client object")
client = modbusClient.AsyncModbusTcpClient(
'127.0.0.1',
port=5020, # on which port
# Common optional parameters:
framer='socket', # 客户端访问服务器超时时间(该参数仅用于客户端(slave节点)),float型code>
timeout=10,
retries=3,
reconnect_delay=1,
reconnect_delay_max=10,
# retry_on_empty=False,
# TCP setup parameters
# source_address=("localhost", 0),
)
_logger.info("### Client starting")
await client.connect()
assert client.connected
if modbus_calls:
await modbus_calls(client)
client.close()
_logger.info("### End of Program")
async def run_a_few_calls(client):
try:
# 读保持寄存器
# rr = await client.read_holding_registers(0, 4)
# print(rr.registers)
# 读输入寄存器
rr = await client.read_input_registers(0, 7, slave=0)
print(rr.registers)
except ModbusException:
pass
async def main(cmdline=None):
"""Combine setup and run."""
await run_async_client(modbus_calls=run_a_few_calls)
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)
class ModbusSlaveContext(ModbusBaseSlaveContext):
def getValues(self, fc_as_hex, address, count=1):
"""Get `count` values from datastore.
:param fc_as_hex: The function we are working with
:param address: The starting address
:param count: The number of values to retrieve
:returns: The requested values from a:a+c
"""
if not self.zero_mode:
address += 1
Log.debug("getValues: fc-[{}] address-{}: count-{}", fc_as_hex, address, count)
return self.store[self.decode(fc_as_hex)].getValues(address, count)
def setValues(self, fc_as_hex, address, values):
"""Set the datastore with the supplied values.
:param fc_as_hex: The function we are working with
:param address: The starting address
:param values: The new values to be set
"""
if not self.zero_mode:
address += 1
Log.debug("setValues[{}] address-{}: count-{}", fc_as_hex, address, len(values))
self.store[self.decode(fc_as_hex)].setValues(address, values)
同步服务器和异步客户端实现
同步服务器代码实现
server_sync.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''Pymodbus 同步服务器示例
'''
import logging
from pymodbus.datastore import (
ModbusSequentialDataBlock,
ModbusServerContext,
ModbusSlaveContext
)
from pymodbus.server import StartTcpServer
_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')
def run_sync_server():
# 连续的、无间隙顺序存储数据块(寄存器块)
datablock = lambda : ModbusSequentialDataBlock(0x01, [17] * 100)
context = ModbusSlaveContext(
di=datablock(), co=datablock(), hr=datablock(), ir=datablock()
)
single = True
# 构建数据存储
context = ModbusServerContext(slaves=context,
single=single
)
txt = f'### start SYNC server'
_logger.info(txt)
address = ('', 5020)
server = StartTcpServer(
context=context, # Data storage
# identity=identity, # server identify
# TBD host=
# TBD port=
address=address, # listen address
# custom_functions=[], # allow custom handling
framer='socket', # The framer strategy to usecode>
# ignore_missing_slaves=True, # ignore request to a missing slave
# broadcast_enable=False, # treat slave_id 0 as broadcast address,
# timeout=1, # waiting time for request to complete
)
return server
def sync_helper():
server = run_sync_server()
server.shutdown()
if __name__ == "__main__":
sync_helper()
同步客户端代码实现
client_sync.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''Pymodbus同步客户端示例
'''
import logging
import pymodbus.client as modbusClient
from pymodbus import ModbusException
_logger = logging.getLogger('logger')
def run_sync_client(modbus_calls=None):
"""Run sync client."""
_logger.info("### Create client object")
client = modbusClient.ModbusTcpClient(
'127.0.0.1',
port=5020, # on which port
# Common optional parameters:
framer='socket', # 客户端访问服务器超时时间(该参数仅用于客户端(slave节点)),float型code>
timeout=10,
retries=3,
reconnect_delay=1,
reconnect_delay_max=10,
# retry_on_empty=False,
# TCP setup parameters
# source_address=("localhost", 0),
)
_logger.info("### Client starting")
client.connect()
assert client.connected
if modbus_calls:
modbus_calls(client)
client.close()
_logger.info("### End of Program")
def run_a_few_calls(client):
try:
# 读取线圈状态
rr = client.read_coils(0, 1, slave=1) # 从 0x00 地址开始读取1个线圈
print(rr.bits) # 输出:[True, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]
# assert len(rr.bits) == 8
except ModbusException:
pass
def main():
run_sync_client(modbus_calls=run_a_few_calls)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
参考链接
https://pypi.org/project/pymodbus/
https://pymodbus.readthedocs.io/en/dev/index.html
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