【JavaSE】图书管理系统

CSDN 2024-07-03 12:05:02 阅读 91

目录

最终效果book包Book类BookList类

user包User类AdmiUser类(管理员类)NormalUser类(普通用户类)

opeeration包IOperation接口FindOpertion类(查找操作)AddOpertion类(增加操作)DeletOpertion类(删除操作)BorrowOpertion类(借阅操作)ReturnOpertion 类(归还操作)ShowOpertion类(展示操作)ExitOpertion类(退出操作)

Main类最终的关系图

在这里插入图片描述

最终效果

图书管理系统

book包

该包中有两个类,用来对书进行管理。

Book类

从开头视频可以看见,每本书有书名,作者,类型,价格,是否借出。我们将它们定义出来,并有快捷键获得get和set方法。

在生成一个构造方法,含书名,作者,类型,价格。

然后再快捷键重写Object的equals方法,重写toString方法。

注意:

因为直接重写的equals方法是对所有成员变量都进行对比,但是我们不需要对比借出状态(如果对比了那还怎么进行借阅和归还操作)。

还有toString方法我们要将借出的boolean类型转换为是否借出输出,就需要改为3目操作符<code>( (this.isBorrowed)?", 已借出":", 未借出")

最终该类代码就是:

package book;

import java.util.Objects;

public class Book {

private String name;

private String author;

private String type;

private int price;

private boolean isBorrowed;

public Book(String name, String author, String type, int price) {

this.name = name;

this.author = author;

this.type = type;

this.price = price;

}

public boolean isBorrowed() {

return isBorrowed;

}

public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {

isBorrowed = borrowed;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getAuthor() {

return author;

}

public void setAuthor(String author) {

this.author = author;

}

public String getType() {

return type;

}

public void setType(String type) {

this.type = type;

}

public int getPrice() {

return price;

}

public void setPrice(int price) {

this.price = price;

}

@Override

public boolean equals(Object o) {

if (this == o) return true;

if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

Book book = (Book) o;

return price == book.price && Objects.equals(name, book.name) && Objects.equals(author, book.author) && Objects.equals(type, book.type);

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Book{" +

"name='" + name + '\'' +code>

", author='" + author + '\'' +code>

", type='" + type + '\'' +code>

", price=" + price +

( (this.isBorrowed)?", 已借出":", 未借出")+code>

'}';

}

}

BookList类

在这个类中我们就将书给管理起来(简易顺序表),所以成员就用一个Book数组来存书,在用一个usedSize来表示存入书的数目,提供get和set方法。并在构造方法中初始化几本书。

BookList类最终代码:

package book;

public class BookList {

private int usedSize;

Book[] books = new Book[10];

public int getUsedSize() {

return usedSize;

}

public BookList() {

this.books[0] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩","小说",66);

this.books[1] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹","小说",77);

this.books[2] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中","小说",88);

this.books[3] = new Book("坤拳录","cxk","修仙秘籍",25);

this.usedSize = 4;//在创建书架时直接默认存在3本书

}

public Book[] getBooks() {

return books;

}

public void setBooks(Book[] books) {

this.books = books;

}

public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {

this.usedSize = usedSize;

}

}

user包

该包用来管理使用者。含有3个类,抽象类User来作为管理员类和普通用户类的父类抽取共性。

User类

每一个管理员和普通用户都有名字,还有展示效果中选择了自己身份后会跳出菜单来让你选择操作。再用一个方法来表示调用的操作(因为我们将每一个操作封装为一个类来操作),用IOpertion数组来存入子类的操作。

User类最终代码:

package user;

import book.BookList;

import operation.IOperation;

public abstract class User {

String name;

IOperation[] iOperations;

public abstract int menu();

public abstract void doOpertion(int choice, BookList bookList);

public User(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

}

AdmiUser类(管理员类)

该类继承User类并且将父类的抽象方法重写,在该方法中调用对应类的具体工作方法(自己实现的work方法)。并且在自己的构造方法中将IOpertion接口实现的数组初始化(根据提供的操作对应的数字,数字对应下标初始为对应操作实现的类)。

AdmiUser类最终代码:

package user;

import book.BookList;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdmiUser extends User {

public AdmiUser(String name) {

super(name);

this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{

new ExitOpertion(),

new FindOpertion(),

new AddOpertion(),

new DeletOpertion(),

new ShowOpertion()

};

}

@Override

public void doOpertion(int choice, BookList bookList){

this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);

}

@Override

public int menu() {

int choice = -1;

while(true) {

System.out.println("欢迎 " + this.name + " 来到图书管理系统");

System.out.println("--------管理员菜单------------");

System.out.println("1.查找图书");

System.out.println("2.新增图书");

System.out.println("3.删除图书");

System.out.println("4.显示图书");

System.out.println("0.退出系统");

System.out.println("-----------------------------");

System.out.println("请输入您的操作");

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

choice = scanner.nextInt();

if(choice >=0 && choice <= 4){

break;

}else {

System.out.println("输入错误");

}

}

return choice;

}

}

NormalUser类(普通用户类)

在该类中与管理员类实现一致,只是在设计实现自己的操作时改一下就好。

NormalUser类最终代码:

package user;

import book.BookList;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User{

public NormalUser(String name) {

super(name);

this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{

new ExitOpertion(),

new FindOpertion(),

new BorrowOpertion(),

new ReturnOpertion(),

new ShowOpertion()

};

}

@Override

public int menu() {

int choice = -1;

while(true) {

System.out.println("欢迎 " + this.name + " 来到图书管理系统");

System.out.println("--------普通用户菜单------------");

System.out.println("1.查找图书");

System.out.println("2.借阅图书");

System.out.println("3.归还图书");

System.out.println("4.展示图书");

System.out.println("0.退出系统");

System.out.println("-----------------------------");

System.out.println("请输入您的操作");

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

choice = scanner.nextInt();

if(choice >=0 && choice <= 4){

break;

}else {

System.out.println("输入错误");

}

}

return choice;

}

@Override

public void doOpertion(int choice, BookList bookList) {

this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);

}

}

opeeration包

在改包中实现具体的操作,对书的增加,删除,借阅,归还,查找,展示,退出程序。这7个类在加上接口。

IOperation接口

这个接口就抽取一个work的共性方法。

最终代码:

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {

void work(BookList bookList);

}

FindOpertion类(查找操作)

在该类中实现IOpertion接口,实现work方法,

先将要查找的书用临时变量存起来,然后遍历书架已有的书看是否有这本书,有就打印。

FindOpertion类最终代码:

package operation;

import book.Book;

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOpertion implements IOperation{

@Override

public void work(BookList bookList) {

System.out.println("请输入要查找书的书名:");

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String name = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要查找书的作者:");

String author = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要查找书的类型:");

String type = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要查找书的价格:");

int price = scanner.nextInt();

Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price);

//看这本书是否已经存在

for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {

if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)){

System.out.println(bookList.getBooks()[i].toString());

return;

}

}

System.out.println("没有该书");

}

}

AddOpertion类(增加操作)

该操作与查找操作实现一致,只是在找到后就告诉已经有这本书了,没找到就添加,并将usedSize加1.

AddOpertion类最终代码

package operation;

import book.Book;

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOpertion implements IOperation{

@Override

public void work(BookList bookList) {

System.out.println("请输入要添加书的书名:");

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String name = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要添加书的作者:");

String author = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要添加书的类型:");

String type = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要添加书的价格:");

int price = scanner.nextInt();

Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price);

//看这本书是否已经存在

for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {

if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)){

System.out.println("该书已经存在");

return;

}

}

//存入

bookList.getBooks()[bookList.getUsedSize()] = book;

bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() + 1);

System.out.println("添加成功");

}

}

DeletOpertion类(删除操作)

该操作与查找操作实现一致,只是在找到后记录这个下标,并且再用一个循环(注意结束条件)用后面的书覆盖前面的,将usedSize减1,没找到就输出没有该书。

DeletOpertion类最终代码

package operation;

import book.Book;

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DeletOpertion implements IOperation{

@Override

public void work(BookList bookList) {

System.out.println("请输入要删除书的书名:");

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String name = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要删除书的作者:");

String author = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要删除书的类型:");

String type = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要删除书的价格:");

int price = scanner.nextInt();

Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price);

//看这本书是否已经存在,记住位置

int now = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {

if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)){

now = i;

break;

}

}

//覆盖

if(now != -1){

for (int i = now; i < bookList.getUsedSize() - 1; i++) {

bookList.getBooks()[i] = bookList.getBooks()[i+1];

}

bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() - 1);

System.out.println("删除成功");

}else{

System.out.println("没有该书");

}

}

}

BorrowOpertion类(借阅操作)

该操作与查找操作实现一致,只是在找到(这里的找到指有这本书并且状态是未借出)后就将这本书的状态改为已借出(将isBorrowed改为true),有但是已被借出就输出该书已被借出,没找到就输出没有。

BorrowOpertion类最终代码:

package operation;

import book.Book;

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOpertion implements IOperation{

@Override

public void work(BookList bookList) {

System.out.println("请输入要借阅书的书名:");

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String name = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要借阅书的作者:");

String author = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要借阅书的类型:");

String type = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要借阅书的价格:");

int price = scanner.nextInt();

Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price);

//看这本书是否有并未被借出,有就改状态

for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {

if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)

&& !bookList.getBooks()[i].isBorrowed()){

bookList.getBooks()[i].setBorrowed(true);

System.out.println("借阅成功");

return;

} else if (bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)

&& bookList.getBooks()[i].isBorrowed()) {

System.out.println("该书以被借出");

return;

}

}

System.out.println("没有该书");

}

}

ReturnOpertion 类(归还操作)

该操作与查找操作实现一致,只是在找到(这里的找到指有这本书并且状态是已借出)后就将这本书的状态改为未借出(将isBorrowed改为false),有但是未被借出就输出该书未被借出,没找到就输出没有。

ReturnOpertion 类最终代码:

package operation;

import book.Book;

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOpertion implements IOperation{

@Override

public void work(BookList bookList) {

System.out.println("请输入要归还书的书名:");

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String name = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要归还书的作者:");

String author = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要归还书的类型:");

String type = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入要归还书的价格:");

int price = scanner.nextInt();

Book book = new Book(name,author,type,price);

//看这本书是否有并未被借出

for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {

if(bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)

&& !bookList.getBooks()[i].isBorrowed()){

System.out.println("该书并未被借出");

return;

} else if (bookList.getBooks()[i].equals(book)

&& bookList.getBooks()[i].isBorrowed()) {

bookList.getBooks()[i].setBorrowed(false);

System.out.println("归还成功");

return;

}

}

System.out.println("没有该书");

}

}

ShowOpertion类(展示操作)

该类就只需遍历并输出就行。

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class ShowOpertion implements IOperation{

@Override

public void work(BookList bookList) {

for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {

System.out.println(bookList.getBooks()[i].toString());

}

}

}

ExitOpertion类(退出操作)

直接调用退出函数就行

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class ExitOpertion implements IOperation{

@Override

public void work(BookList bookList) {

System.out.println("退出成功");

System.exit(0);

}

}

Main类

在该类中写一个login函数来确定身份向上转型给User.

main主函数将操作串起来:

import book.BookList;

import user.AdmiUser;

import user.NormalUser;

import user.User;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

//使用这个函数来确定访问者身份

private static User login(){

System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:");

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String name = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("请输入你的身份:1.管理员;2.普通用户");

int choice = scanner.nextInt();

if(choice == 1){

return new AdmiUser(name);

} else if (choice == 2) {

return new NormalUser(name);

}else {

System.out.println("输入错误");

return null;

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

BookList bookList = new BookList();

User user = login();

while( user == null){

user = login();

}//使用循环保证输入身份正确

while (true){

int choice = user.menu();

user.doOpertion(choice,bookList);

}

}

}

最终的关系图

在这里插入图片描述



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