网络通信是现代软件开发中不可或缺的一部分，特别是在分布式系统和互联网应用中。C#提供了丰富的网络编程接口，尤其是基于Socket的TCP/IP协议栈编程，可以实现高性能的网络通信。以下从零开始逐步介绍如何在C#中使用Socket进行高性能网络通信编程，包括创建Socket、连接服务器、发送和接收数据，以及处理并发和错误等，包含详细的代码和注释。   

一、创建Socket

Csharp

using System.Net;using System.Net.Sockets;public class NetworkClient{ private Socket _clientSocket; public void Initialize(string serverAddress, int serverPort) { // 创建Socket实例 _clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); // 解析服务器地址 IPAddress serverIp = IPAddress.Parse(serverAddress); // 创建终结点 IPEndPoint serverEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(serverIp, serverPort); // 连接到服务器 ConnectToServer(serverEndPoint); } private void ConnectToServer(IPEndPoint endPoint) { try { _clientSocket.Connect(endPoint); Console.WriteLine("Connected to server."); } catch (SocketException e) { Console.WriteLine($"Failed to connect: {e.Message}"); Dispose(); } } // 其他方法...}

二、发送数据

Csharp

public void Send(byte[] data){ if (_clientSocket.Connected) { try { // 发送数据 int bytesSent = _clientSocket.Send(data); Console.WriteLine($"Sent {bytesSent} bytes."); } catch (SocketException e) { Console.WriteLine($"Error sending data: {e.Message}"); Dispose(); } } else { Console.WriteLine("Not connected to server."); }}

三、接收数据

Csharp

public byte[] Receive(int bufferSize){ byte[] receivedData = new byte[bufferSize]; if (_clientSocket.Connected) { try { // 接收数据 int bytesReceived = _clientSocket.Receive(receivedData); Console.WriteLine($"Received {bytesReceived} bytes."); Array.Resize(ref receivedData, bytesReceived); return receivedData; } catch (SocketException e) { Console.WriteLine($"Error receiving data: {e.Message}"); Dispose(); return null; } } else { Console.WriteLine("Not connected to server."); return null; }}

四、处理并发与错误

1. 异步编程

Csharp

public async Task SendAsync(byte[] data){ if (_clientSocket.Connected) { try { await _clientSocket.SendAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(data), SocketFlags.None); Console.WriteLine("Data sent asynchronously."); } catch (SocketException e) { Console.WriteLine($"Error sending data: {e.Message}"); Dispose(); } } else { Console.WriteLine("Not connected to server."); }}public async Task<byte[]> ReceiveAsync(int bufferSize){ byte[] receivedData = new byte[bufferSize]; if (_clientSocket.Connected) { try { var result = await _clientSocket.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(receivedData), SocketFlags.None); Console.WriteLine($"Received {result.ReceivedBytes} bytes asynchronously."); Array.Resize(ref receivedData, result.ReceivedBytes); return receivedData; } catch (SocketException e) { Console.WriteLine($"Error receiving data: {e.Message}"); Dispose(); return null; } } else { Console.WriteLine("Not connected to server."); return null; }}

2. 错误处理与重连

Csharp

private void HandleSocketError(SocketError error){ switch (error) { case SocketError.ConnectionAborted: case SocketError.ConnectionReset: case SocketError.NetworkUnreachable: Console.WriteLine($"Disconnected from server: {error}"); Reconnect(); break; default: Console.WriteLine($"Unknown error: {error}"); Dispose(); break; }}private async Task Reconnect(){ // 在此处实现重连逻辑，如等待一段时间后重新尝试连接服务器 await Task.Delay(5000); ConnectToServer(_serverEndPoint);}

五、总结

C#中的Socket编程为开发者提供了直接访问TCP/IP协议栈的能力，可以实现高效的网络通信。通过创建Socket实例、连接服务器、发送和接收数据，以及处理并发和错误，可以构建稳定、高性能的网络客户端。同时，利用异步编程模型和适当的错误处理机制，可以进一步提升网络通信的性能和可靠性。以上示例代码展示了从零开始实现C# Socket编程的关键步骤和细节，为实际项目中的网络通信开发奠定了基础。