文章目录

关于 Candle结构安装1、With Cuda support :2、Without Cuda support :3、With mkl support 二、基本使用 Hello world!1、处理 MNIST 数据集2、使用一个 `Linear` 层3、使用 `candle_nn` 三、Pytorch cheatsheet

---

关于 Candle

Candle is a minimalist ML framework for Rust with a focus on performance (including GPU support) and ease of use.

你可以尝试在线 demos: whisper,LLaMA2, T5, yolo, Segment Anything.

---

github : https://github.com/huggingface/candle官方文档：https://huggingface.github.io/candle/

---

相关文章、教程

Python 失宠！Hugging Face 用 Rust 新写了一个 ML 框架，现已低调开源

https://www.infoq.cn/news/fMBmytGX8aFOKzrN3pea

---

结构

Candle 结构包括：

Candle-core：核心操作、设备和 Tensor 结构定义。Candle-nn：构建真实模型的工具。Candle-examples：在实际设置中使用库的示例。Candle-kernels：CUDA 自定义内核；Candle-datasets：数据集和数据加载器。Candle-Transformers：与 Transformers 相关的实用程序。Candle-flash-attn：Flash attention v2 层。candle-onnx: ONNX 模型评估。

---

---

安装

https://huggingface.github.io/candle/guide/installation.html

安装 Rust: https://blog.csdn.net/lovechris00/article/details/124808034

---

1、With Cuda support :

1.1 首先，确保 Cuda 被正确安装了

nvcc --version 应该打印有关Cuda编译器驱动程序的信息。nvidia-smi --query-gpu=compute_cap --format=csv 应该打印您的GPU计算能力，例如：

---

compute_cap8.9

---

您还可以使用 CUDA_COMPUTE_CAP=<compute cap> 环境变量为特定的计算编译 Cuda内核。

如果以上任何命令出错，请确保更新您的Cuda版本。

---

1.2 创建一个新的app，添加 candle-core 来增加 Cuda 支持。

从创建一个新的 cargo 开始 :

cargo new myappcd myapp

---

Make sure to add the candle-core crate with the cuda feature:

确保添加具有cuda功能的 candle-core 被创建：

cargo add --git https://github.com/huggingface/candle.git candle-core --features "cuda"

---

运行 cargo build 来保证所有被正确编译

cargo build

---

2、Without Cuda support :

创建一个新的 app，并添加 candle-core 如下：

cargo new myappcd myappcargo add --git https://github.com/huggingface/candle.git candle-core

---

最后，运行 cargo build 来保证所有被正确编译

cargo build

---

3、With mkl support

You can also see the mkl feature which could be interesting to get faster inference on CPU. Using mkl

---

二、基本使用 Hello world!

转载自：Hello world!

1、处理 MNIST 数据集

We will now create the hello world of the ML world, building a model capable of solving MNIST dataset.

Open src/main.rs and fill in this content:

use candle_core::{ Device, Result, Tensor};struct Model { first: Tensor, second: Tensor,}impl Model { fn forward(&self, image: &Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> { let x = image.matmul(&self.first)?; let x = x.relu()?; x.matmul(&self.second) }}fn main() -> Result<()> { // Use Device::new_cuda(0)?; to use the GPU. let device = Device::Cpu; let first = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (784, 100), &device)?; let second = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (100, 10), &device)?; let model = Model { first, second }; let dummy_image = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (1, 784), &device)?; let digit = model.forward(&dummy_image)?; println!("Digit {digit:?} digit"); Ok(())}

Everything should now run with:

cargo run --release

---

2、使用一个 Linear 层

Now that we have this, we might want to complexify things a bit, for instance by adding bias and creating the classical Linear layer. We can do as such

struct Linear{ weight: Tensor, bias: Tensor,}impl Linear{ fn forward(&self, x: &Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> { let x = x.matmul(&self.weight)?; x.broadcast_add(&self.bias) }}struct Model { first: Linear, second: Linear,}impl Model { fn forward(&self, image: &Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> { let x = self.first.forward(image)?; let x = x.relu()?; self.second.forward(&x) }}

---

This will change the model running code into a new function

fn main() -> Result<()> { // Use Device::new_cuda(0)?; to use the GPU. // Use Device::Cpu; to use the CPU. let device = Device::cuda_if_available(0)?; // Creating a dummy model let weight = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (784, 100), &device)?; let bias = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (100, ), &device)?; let first = Linear{ weight, bias}; let weight = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (100, 10), &device)?; let bias = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (10, ), &device)?; let second = Linear{ weight, bias}; let model = Model { first, second }; let dummy_image = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (1, 784), &device)?; // Inference on the model let digit = model.forward(&dummy_image)?; println!("Digit {digit:?} digit"); Ok(())}

Now it works, it is a great way to create your own layers. But most of the classical layers are already implemented in candle-nn.

---

3、使用 candle_nn

For instance Linear is already there. This Linear is coded with PyTorch layout in mind, to reuse better existing models out there, so it uses the transpose of the weights and not the weights directly.

So instead we can simplify our example:

cargo add --git https://github.com/huggingface/candle.git candle-nn

---

And rewrite our examples using it

use candle_core::{ Device, Result, Tensor};use candle_nn::{ Linear, Module};struct Model { first: Linear, second: Linear,}impl Model { fn forward(&self, image: &Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> { let x = self.first.forward(image)?; let x = x.relu()?; self.second.forward(&x) }}fn main() -> Result<()> { // Use Device::new_cuda(0)?; to use the GPU. let device = Device::Cpu; // This has changed (784, 100) -> (100, 784) ! let weight = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (100, 784), &device)?; let bias = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (100, ), &device)?; let first = Linear::new(weight, Some(bias)); let weight = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (10, 100), &device)?; let bias = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (10, ), &device)?; let second = Linear::new(weight, Some(bias)); let model = Model { first, second }; let dummy_image = Tensor::randn(0f32, 1.0, (1, 784), &device)?; let digit = model.forward(&dummy_image)?; println!("Digit {digit:?} digit"); Ok(())}

Feel free to modify this example to use Conv2d to create a classical convnet instead.

Now that we have the running dummy code we can get to more advanced topics:

For PyTorch usersRunning existing modelsTraining models

---

三、Pytorch cheatsheet

https://huggingface.github.io/candle/guide/cheatsheet.html#pytorch-cheatsheet

	Using PyTorch	Using Candle
Creation	torch.Tensor([[1, 2], [3, 4]])	Tensor::new(&[[1f32, 2.], [3., 4.]], &Device::Cpu)?
Creation	torch.zeros((2, 2))	Tensor::zeros((2, 2), DType::F32, &Device::Cpu)?
Indexing	tensor[:, :4]	tensor.i((.., ..4))?
Operations	tensor.view((2, 2))	tensor.reshape((2, 2))?
Operations	a.matmul(b)	a.matmul(&b)?
Arithmetic	a + b	&a + &b
Device	tensor.to(device="cuda")	tensor.to_device(&Device::new_cuda(0)?)?
Dtype	tensor.to(dtype=torch.float16)	tensor.to_dtype(&DType::F16)?
Saving	torch.save({"A": A}, "model.bin")	candle::safetensors::save(&HashMap::from([("A", A)]), "model.safetensors")?
Loading	weights = torch.load("model.bin")	candle::safetensors::load("model.safetensors", &device)

---

伊织 2024-03-23